Izihlahla zingokoqobo ababhali bomlando abathule bomlando woMhlaba futhi i ifa lemveloBabone ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwemiphakathi, bamelana nezinkathi zeqhwa, isomiso, imililo, futhi, emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje, isintu kanye nokuxhashazwa kwaso kwemvelo. Ezinye izinhlobo zaqala ukukhula ngaphambi kokuba kube nokubhala, futhi namuhla zisekhona, ziphikisana nesikhathi njengokungathi akukho lutho olushintshile. Akusikho ukweqisa ukusho ukuthi, ukube bebekwazi ukukhuluma, besingeke siphile isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuzwa konke ababezositshela kona.
Phakathi kwalelo qembu lama-giants asenesikhathi eside ekhona, ambalwa avelele kunabanye. Sikhuluma ngabantu abazongenela isicoco sika isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeniAbantu abathile, abanamagama abo, abavuse ilukuluku kososayensi nabathandi bemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe umlando we-larch yasePatagonian eyaziwa ngokuthi uMkhulu Omkhulu, i-pine yasenganekwaneni iMethuselah, kanye neminye imithi yasendulo esakazeke emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokuphendula imibuzo evamile efana nokuthi yisiphi isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke eSpain noma ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo esahlala eMhlabeni ngaphambi kwezihlahla njengoba sazi ukuthi zikhona.
Yimuphi umuthi omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni namuhla?
Njengamanje, umuntu okhethwe kahle kakhulu ukubamba irekhodi lika umuthi ophilayo omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni Kuyi-larch yasePatagonian (i-Fitzroya cupressoides), ebizwa nangokuthi i-lahuán ngabantu baseMapuche, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Millennial Larch" noma "uMkhulu Omkhulu." Ngokusho kwezilinganiso zakamuva, lesi sibonelo singaba neminyaka engaba ngu-5.400 ubudala.
Lo muthi, ogxile epaki kazwelonke laseChile, waqala ukukhula ngesikhathi lapho Isintu sasisanda kusungula ukubhalaNgesikhathi kwakhiwa amadolobha okuqala futhi kuvela imibuso yasendulo, lesi sihlahla se-larch sase sivele simila izimpande ehlathini elinomswakama eningizimu yeNingizimu Melika.
Umkhulu Omkhulu uvuka cishe cishe Amamitha ayi-60 ukuphakama Ikhula ngaphezu kwephansi lehlathi futhi inesiqu esingamamitha angu-4 ububanzi, okwenza ibe yi-colossus eluhlaza. Ezinye izifundo kanye nokulandisa zikhuluma ngokuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 kwalesi sibonelo esithile, kodwa zonke ziyavuma ukuthi iyisiqhwaga sangempela phakathi kohlobo lwayo.
Uhlobo lwe-Fitzroya cupressoides lungowomndeni ofanayo ne-giant sequoias. Luyi- i-evergreen coniferInesiqu esiminyene, amagatsha aqinile, asontekile, namaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza afana nama-scales amancane. Iyakwazi ukugcina amaqabunga ayo unyaka wonke futhi iphile ezimweni zemvelo ezingaba zimbi kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo.
Uphi umuthi wasendulo we-larch "uMkhulu Omkhulu"?
Umkhulu Omkhulu uhlala e- I-Alerce Costero National Park, eningizimu yeChile, ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseLos Ríos kanye nangaphakathi kwendawo okuthiwa amahlathi aseNingizimu Melika angaphansi kwe-antarctic, e- I-patagonia yaseChileanLolu hlobo lukhula kakhulu eChile kanye nasesigabeni esincane sase-Argentina, luhlala lusezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu, lapho kunemvula eningi kanye nenhlabathi enamanzi amaningi noma engakhiqizi kahle amanzi.
Indawo lapho lesi sihlahla sikhula khona inenhlabathi engenazo izakhamzimba eziningi ene-pH ene-asidi kakhulu (cishe i-4,7-5,7), amazinga aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle, okudala izimo zokugcwala kwamanzi. Ngokumangalisayo, le ndawo engaphansi, lapho izinhlobo ezimbalwa zikhula khona, iye yaba yindawo ekahle kakhulu ukuthi i-larch yasogwini iphile iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, uma nje indawo ingashintshwanga kakhulu.
Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Coastal Range, izihlahla ze-alerce zitholakala ku- amadwala aguquguquka kakhuluEngxenyeni eseningizimu, kutholakala inhlabathi efana ne-mica schists, kanti engxenyeni eseningizimu inhlabathi itholakala ezidakeni zasolwandle ezi-semi-podzolidated, nazo ezine-asidi kakhulu. Okwamanje, ama-larches ase-Andean akhula emifuleni enhlabathini engajulile (20-80 cm) evela kumlotha wentaba-mlilo obekwe emadwaleni e-granitic noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-fluvioglacial, nazo ezine-asidi futhi azikhiphi amanzi kahle.
Lolu hlobo luyakwazi ukumelana neqhwa eliningi, imvula enamandla, kanye ukuntuleka kwezakhi zamamineraliKudinga ukukhanya okuningi ukuze kuchume, kodwa kubekezelela inhlabathi engajulile, enamanzi kancane enenhlabathi engaphansi engangenwa amanzi. Ngamafuphi: i-larch iwuchwepheshe wokusinda lapho ezinye izihlahla zingeke zilokothe ngizame khona.
Yayibalwa kanjani iminyaka kaMkhulu Omkhulu?
Ukuthola ubudala bangempela bomuthi wasendulo akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ngo-2022, ithimba lososayensi eliholwa nguJonathan Barichivich, umcwaningi waseChile ogxile kwisayensi yezemvelo nesimo sezulu, laklama i- imodeli yekhompyutha ethile ukulinganisa iminyaka kaMkhulu Omkhulu ngokuhlanganisa imithombo eminingana yolwazi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwasetshenziswa i-dendrochronology, okungukuthi, ukuhlaziywa kwe- izindandatho zokukhula kwesiquNgo-2020, uBarichivich nomcwaningi u-Antonio Lara bakwazile ukukhipha isampula nge-drill yesandla ende kakhulu etholakalayo, yize behlulekile ukufinyelela enkabeni yesiqu ngoba ingxenye yangaphakathi yonakele.
Noma kunjalo, isigaba esitholiwe sesivele sibonise ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-2.400. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, abacwaningi banikeze imodeli yezibalo elingisa izindlela zokukhula okungenzeka zesampula ye-Fitzroya cupressoides enalezi zici. Umphumela waba ukuthi nxazonke Ama-80% okulingisa Babonisa ukuthi umuthi uzophila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5.000.
Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ngoba, ezihlahleni ezindala ezinjalo, i-heartwood ingase ibole noma ibe nembobo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubala ngokunembile amasongo aphakathi nendawo. idatha yasensimini kanye namamodeli okubikezela Ngakho-ke kuvumela ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwenza ukubhoboza okunamandla noma okulimazayo.
Umphakathi wesayensi ubonise isithakazelo esikhulu kulo msebenzi, njengoba kusukela emkhawulweni othile weminyaka kuqhubeke... i-dendrochronology evamile Ilahlekelwa ukunemba. Kunoma ikuphi, ngisho noma kuthathwa isilinganiso esilinganiselayo kakhulu, uMkhulu Omkhulu uphakathi kwezihlahla ezindala kakhulu eMhlabeni futhi cishe mdala kakhulu kunoMethuselah, uphayini waseCalifornia oyinganekwane.
Ingobo yomlando ephilayo yesimo sezulu seplanethi
Ngale kwerekhodi kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwezibonelo, uBaba Omkhulu uyigugu ngoba usebenza njengohlobo oluthile lwe- Ibhokisi elimnyama lesimo sezulu somhlabaIndandatho ngayinye yokukhula kwayo igcina ulwazi mayelana nezimo zemvelo zonyaka eyakhiwa ngawo: imvula, amazinga okushisa, izikhathi zesomiso, imililo, ngisho nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu.
Amasongo abanzi kakhulu avame ukufana iminyaka emanzi nethambileAmagxolo amakhulu abonisa izikhathi ezomile noma ezibandayo lapho umuthi ungakhuli kahle. Ngokufanayo, izimpawu zokusha zivumela isikhathi somlilo wehlathi, futhi amaphethini athile okuguquka angahlotshaniswa nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, njengokuzamazama komhlaba okudumile kwango-1960 eValdivia, okunamandla kunawo wonke ake aqoshwa ngezinsimbi.
Ngamazwi ochwepheshe, izihlahla ezinjengalezi «vula izincwadiFuthi izazi ze-dendrochronology zisebenza njengabafundi abahumusha ikhasi ngalinye. Uma laba bantu benyamalala, isihluthulelo esiyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi impilo ivumelane kanjani nezinguquko zesimo sezulu esidlule kanye nokubikezela kangcono lokho okungenzeka esikhathini esizayo nakho kuyalahleka.
Ngenxa yokuthi zihlala isikhathi eside futhi ziqinile, lezi zihlahla zasendulo zibhekwa njengeziyiqiniso. izimpawu zokuqinaNjengoba uBarichivich esho, “bangabadlali abaphambili bemvelo,” abasindile emahlathini asendulo namuhla angaqhekekanga kangako emagumbini ambalwa omhlaba.
Leli nani lesayensi lengezwa enanini lamasiko nelingokomoya elinikezwa yimiphakathi yendawo neyomdabu, njengabantu baseMapuche endabeni ye-larch yasePatagonian, lapho lezi ziqhwaga zinamandla khona. incazelo engcwele kanye nobunikazi.
Izinsongo ezibeka isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni engcupheni
Naphezu kokuqina kwayo okumangalisayo, uBabamkhulu akayena ongavinjelwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi baxwayise nge- ukuwohloka okwandayo esimweni sayo sokulondolozwa. Izici ezimbili zidlala indima ebalulekile: ingcindezi yezivakashi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukwanda kodumo lwalesi sihlahla kwabezindaba kuye kwandisa kakhulu inani lezivakashi eziya epaki. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukusondela kakhulu esiqwini ukuze bathathe izithombe, bathinte igxolo, noma bahambe bezungeza izimpande zaso, okubangela ukucinana kwenhlabathiumonakalo ezimpandeni ezingaphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka okwengeziwe kwesampula.
Lokhu kucindezela kwendawo kwandiswa umthelela womhlaba wonke we- ushintsho lwesimo sezuluIzihlahla ze-alert zasendulo ezifana noMkhulu Omkhulu zijwayele izimo ezinomswakama kakhulu nezibandayo; amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, izinguquko zezindlela zemvula, kanye nokwanda kwezikhathi zesomiso esinzima kushintsha amaphethini azo okukhula futhi kunciphisa amandla azo, okwenza kube phuthuma ukuzifunda. izixazululo ezingaba khona zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ezisiza ekulondolozeni laba bantu.
UBarichivich ngokwakhe uxwayise ngokuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sibonelo sineminyaka emingaki, sisesimweni esibucayi futhi sidinga usizo. izinyathelo zokuvikela eziqinileKuyahlekisa ukuthi umuthi okwazi ukusinda ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka zomlilo, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla emlandweni, kanye nezenzakalo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu manje ususengozini ngenxa yokuthatha izithombe, izinyathelo, kanye nezinguquko ezenzeke eminyakeni embalwa nje.
UMethuselah kanye nerekhodi laso sonke isikhathi lephayini ye-bristlecone
Ngaphambi kokuba uBabamkhulu Omkhulu angene endaweni yesehlakalo, isihloko sika isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke esaziwayo Yawela kuphayini we-bristlecone (Pinus longaeva) ogama lakhe linguMethuselah. Lo muthi uhlala ezintabeni ezimhlophe zaseCalifornia, ngaphakathi kwehlathi lesizwe lase-Inyo, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-3.000.
Izifundo ezivela e-University of Arizona's Tree-Ring Research Laboratory, enye yezikhungo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ze-dendrochronology, zathola ukuthi UMethusela uneminyaka engaba ngu-4.847-4.850 ubudalaIkhula endaweni eyomile ehlaselwe yimimoya ebandayo kakhulu, indawo enzima, ngokumangalisayo, eye yathanda ukuhlala kwayo isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo.
Isimo sezulu esibi sibangele ukuthi isiqu saso siqine futhi sakhe i- ungqimba olujiyile lwe-resin okuyivikela ngempumelelo ekuboleni, isikhunta, kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngokubukeka, la maphayini aphile isikhathi eside anokubukeka okusontekile, anezingxenye ezifile neziphilayo ezihlangene, okunikeza umbono wokuthi cishe zomile… yize zihlala zisebenza.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, i-United States Forest Service iyaqhubeka Ngigcina izixhumanisi eziqondile ziyimfihlo Kusuka eMethuselah. Azikho izithombe ezisemthethweni ezichaza ngokucacile ezikhishwe; izithombe ezivame ukubonisa izihloko mayelana nesihlahla zingezabanye abantu abasehlathini elifanayo. Inhloso ukuvimbela ukucekelwa phansi noma umonakalo obangelwa ukuthutheleka okukhulu kwezivakashi.
Lesi sinyathelo sokuqapha sinesibonelo esicacile kakhulu: icala I-PrometeoI-Prometheus, enye i-bristlecone pine, yake yabhekwa njengesilwane esidala kunazo zonke esaziwayo esingeyona i-clonal, cishe sineminyaka engu-4.900 ubudala. Ngo-1964, umfundi we-geography uDonald R. Currey, ngenkathi ecwaninga nge-Little Ice Age, wahlanganyela ekugawuleni umuthi ukuze ahlaziye amasongo awo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinsalela zikaPrometheus zigcinwe emabhokisini e-University of Arizona, futhi indaba yayo isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi ubufakazi obungenakuguqulwa besikhathi esidlule bungalahleka kalula kangakanani.
Ezinye izihlahla zasendulo ezincintisana ngokuphila isikhathi eside
I-larch yaseChile kanye nephayini iMethuselah azizona zodwa kulo mjaho. Ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, kunezinye izinhlobo ezisondela noma ezidlula lezo zindawo eziphakeme. iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine yokuphila Futhi nakuba zingenalo usuku oluqondile njalo, zibhekwa njengezinsalela eziphilayo zangempela.
Enye yazo I-Abbarkuh cypress I-Zoroastrian cypress (Sarv-e Abarqu), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Zoroastrian cypress, itholakala esifundazweni saseYazd e-Iran. Le Cupressus sempervirens kukholakala ukuthi yaphila ekuqaleni kwempucuko eMpumalanga Eseduze futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi ineminyaka engaba ngu-4.000 ubudala. Iyisikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke e-Iran futhi ibhekwa njengesidalwa esidala kunazo zonke e-Asia.
ENyakatho Wales sithola Llangernyw yew (Taxus baccata), ekhula emathuneni amancane esonto laseSaint Dygain, edolobhaneni elinegama elifanayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi yatshalwa ngesikhathi seNkathi Yethusi, eminyakeni engaba ngu-4.000 eyedlule, futhi isaphila futhi isakhula. Isiqu sayo siqhekekile, ingxenye ephakathi ingekho kanye namagatsha amakhulu amaningana avela nxazonke; phansi, umjikelezo wayo udlula amamitha ayi-10.
Lesi sihlahla se-yew saqashelwa ngo-2002 njengenye yezinhlobo ze-yew. Izihlahla Ezinkulu Ezingama-50 ZaseBrithani Elikhulu ngesikhathi seJubili legolide leNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II. Ukuphakama kwayo nendawo yayo emathuneni kuyinika umoya odumile, ofana nenganekwane.
Eduze kakhulu noMkhulu Omkhulu, ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo lwe-Fitzroya cupressoides, ezinye izihlahla ze-larch zibhalwe phansi zineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-3.646. Sekuyisikhathi eside, uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwalolu hlobo lwalubhekwa njengolubizwa ngokuthi "Mkhulu Omkhulu," okudale ukudideka okuthile nge-Chilean yamanje, endala ngisho nangokwezinhlobo zakamuva.
EBrazil, uhlobo lweCariniana legalis lusinika Inzalamizi YasehlathiniIsihlahla esikhulu esingesona i-coniferous esineminyaka engaphezu kuka-2.000-3.000 ubudala, sibhekwa njengesihlahla esingesona i-coniferous esidala kunazo zonke ezweni futhi singcwele kubantu abaningi. Ngeshwa, izinhlobo zemvelo zalolu hlobo ziningi. Babheka izitshalo njengezisengozini yokuqothulwa. ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi eBrazil, eColombia naseVenezuela.
Izihlahla zomnqumo, izihlahla ze-chestnut kanye nezinye izinganekwane zezihlahla zaseMedithera
Isigodi saseMedithera siziqhenya ngezinhlobo zaso zezihlahla ezihlonishwayo. Esinye sezihlahla ezidumile kakhulu yi- Isihlahla somnqumo saseVouvesesiqhingini saseGrisi iCrete. Lesi sihlahla somnqumo i-Olea europaea sibhekwa njengomuthi womnqumo omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni, olinganiselwa ukuthi uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-2.000 no-4.000, futhi samenyezelwa njengesikhumbuzo semvelo esivikelwe ngo-1997.
Into ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi womnqumo wasendulo Iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza iminqumo Unyaka ngamunye, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza uwoyela. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwalolu hlobo kuchazwa ngokwengxenye ukumelana kwalo nesomiso, umlilo, kanye nezifo eziningi, inhlanganisela ephelele yokusinda ezimweni zezulu zaseMedithera ezinzima.
Futhi akusemuva kakhulu I-Chestnut Yamahhashi EkhuluItholakala eduze kweNtaba i-Etna eSicily, ibhekwa njengesihlahla se-chestnut esikhulu nesidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi sineminyaka ephakathi kuka-2.000 no-4.000 ubudala. Siphethe iRekhodi Yomhlaba yeGuinness ngobubanzi obukhulu obulinganiswa esihlahleni, okungenani amamitha ayi-190.
Indawo lapho ikhula khona ayinokuthula: INtaba i-Etna ingenye yezindawo ezikhula kuzo. izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kakhulu emhlabeniLokhu kwenza ukusinda kwalesi sihlahla kube okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu. Igama laso livela enganekwaneni elandisa ngeqembu lamaqhawe ayikhulu, abanjwe yisiphepho, aphephela ngaphansi kophahla lwaso olunamaqabunga kanye namahhashi awo.
ESpain, ngaphakathi kweTeide National Park (eTenerife), sithola umuthi omdala kunayo yonke ophilayo ezweni naseYurophuI-"Patriarch", umsedari waseCanary Island (Juniperus cedrus) cishe uneminyaka eyi-1.500 ubudala. Lesi sitshalo sibhekwa njengomuthi omdala kunayo yonke ezwenikazi laseYurophu futhi siphile endaweni enezintaba-mlilo, enomoya futhi eyomile, okhuluma kakhulu ngokuqina kwalolu hlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundazwe saseCastellón siyikhaya lezindawo ezidumile Umuthi womnqumo "wemilenze emine"E-Canet lo Roig, yanikezwa isihloko somuthi womnqumo omuhle kakhulu eSpain ngo-2016. Ngokusho kosuku lwe-Polytechnic University of Madrid, yatshalwa ngo-527 AD. Isiqu sayo esigobile nesingenalutho sasiyindawo yokucasha umlwi we-maquis ngemuva kweMpi Yombango, futhi umuthi usuthole udumo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yefilimu ethi "The Olive Tree", eyasiza ekugxekeni ukuphangwa kwezihlahla zomnqumo ezinkulu nokugqamisa ukuvikelwa kwazo.
Umuthi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni kanye nezinye izihlahla ezinkulu
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke y isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonkeIrekhodi lobukhulu nobukhulu aliphethwe nguMkhulu Omkhulu noma uMethusela, kodwa liphethwe yi-sequoia enkulu eyaziwayo ebizwa ngokuthi Jikelele uSherman, ohlala eSequoia National Park, eCalifornia.
Le colossus, cishe iminyaka engu-2.500 ubudala, iyi-sequoia enkulu enamandla kakhulu ekhona futhi iyisihlahla esingeyona i-clonal esinesiqu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ifinyelela cishe Amamitha ayi-83,4 ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi obungamamitha angaba ngu-7,7 phansi. Nakuba yalahlekelwa yigatsha layo elikhulu kunawo wonke ngo-2006, elawa futhi lalimaza umgwaqo kanye nothango oluvikelayo, isalokhu ihlonishwa njengesikhulu phakathi kweziqhwaga.
Isikhathi eside, esinye isihlahla esifanekisela lokhu sasikhona ISenator (I-Senator), i-cypress ende (i-Taxodium distichum) eFlorida, yayibhekwa njengendala kunazo zonke zohlobo lwayo, cishe ineminyaka engu-3.500 ubudala futhi mhlawumbe isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke empumalanga ye-United States. Yasebenza njengesibonakaliso samaNdiya aseSeminole futhi yamelana neziphepho eziningi, yize eyodwa ngo-1925 yakhukhula cishe amamitha ayi-12 ukuphakama.
Ngeshwa, ngo-2012 umlilo oshisiwe wabangela ukuba isiqu sidilike, okwaphawula ukuphela kwe-El Senador. Indaba yayo iyisikhumbuzo esicacile sokuthi, nakuba lezi zihlahla kungenzeka ukuthi zasinda eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane yezehlakalo zemvelo, isenzo somuntu esingenandaba ngingazisula ngehora elilodwa.
EJapane, okuhlaba umxhwele UJōmon Sugi Imile esiqhingini saseYakushima njenge-cryptomeria enkulu kunazo zonke futhi endala kunazo zonke endaweni. Ubudala bayo obuqondile busalokhu buphikisana: abanye ochwepheshe bathi "ineminyaka" engaphezu kuka-2.000 kuphela, kanti abanye abakuchithi ukuthi idlula iminyaka engu-5.000. Kunoma ikuphi, ibe ngenye yezinto ezishukumisa iYakushima ukuthi imenyezelwe njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba yi-UNESCO.
Lesi siqhingi, esimbozwe amahlathi anomswakama, anenkungu, siyikhaya lama-cryptomerias amaningi ahlala isikhathi eside, kodwa i-Jōmon Sugi ivelele ngobukhulu bayo kanye ne-aura ecishe ibe yimfihlakalo eyizungezile, okwenza kube indawo yokuvakasha kwabahamba ngezinyawo nabathandi bemvelo abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezazikhona ngaphambi kwezihlahla zanamuhla
Uma sikhuluma ngomuthi omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni, sivame ukucabanga ngabantu abathile, kodwa umlando wezihlahla njengeqembu uqala emuva eminyakeni engamakhulu ezigidi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izitshalo zokuqala ezine- isimo esifana nesihlahla esichazwe kahle Babengowohlobo lwe-Wattieza oluphelile.
Lezi "zibonelo zezihlahla" zingadlula amamitha angu-8 ukuphakama futhi zakhula ikakhulukazi endaweni manje eyiMelika, ikakhulukazi iNingizimu Melika, ngesikhathi seDevonian, eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-380 edlule. Isakhiwo sazo sasifana kakhulu nese-fern enkulu yesihlahla kunesihlahla sanamuhla, kodwa zaphawula ukuguquka ekwakhekeni kwezindawo zemvelo zomhlaba.
Ngaphambi kokuba kube khona izihlahla njengoba sizazi, uMhlaba wawubuswa yizinto eziphilayo ezahlukene kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Isibonelo esidumile yilesi Ama-prototaxitesIsikhunta esikhulu sasemhlabeni sakha izakhiwo ezifana nesiqu esingafika kumamitha ayi-9 ubude kanye nobubanzi obungaba yimitha elilodwa. Sachuma kusukela ezikhathini zaseSilurian kuya ezikhathini zaseDevonian, phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-420 nezingu-370 edlule, ezweni elingenamahlathi njengoba siwazi namuhla.
Isitshalo esikhulu esiphelile esaziwa ngokuthi [igama lesitshalo] naso sakhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama I-Archaeopteris (kusukela kwelesiGriki elithi "i-fern yasendulo"), nakuba yayibukeka ngendlela efanayo nomuthi, ayifani ncamashi nezinhlobo zamanje. Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zabeka isisekelo samahlathi esikhathi esizayo futhi zaguqula isimo seplanethi ngokubamba inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide.
Kulo mongo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izihlahla zanamuhla ezifinyelela eminyakeni engu-4.000 noma engu-5.000 azibonakali nje ngokuphazima kweso ngokwezinto eziphilayo, kodwa zimelela inkumbulo ehlala isikhathi eside esingakubona ngqo ezweni lezitshalo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezihlahla zasendulo
Uma kuxoxwa ngezihlahla zasendulo, imibuzo efanayo ibonakala iphakama njalo. Umbuzo ovame kakhulu yilona: Lithini igama lomuthi ophila iminyaka engu-4.000? Empeleni akukho nhlobo eyodwa enempilo eqinisekisiwe, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana ezivelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sesibonile kakade ukuthi i-Olive Tree of Vouves ingaba neminyaka engaba ngu-4.000 ubudala, njengoba kunjalo nange-chestnut tree yaseSicilian yamaHhashi Angamakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Abarkuh cypress e-Iran, i-Welsh yew yaseLlangernyw, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-bristlecone pine zaseMelika nazo zingaphansi kwalolo hlobo lobudala. Akukho neyodwa kuzo "ehlelwe" ukuthi ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-4.000; kunalokho, zingabantu abathile abaye bakwazi... ukuvimbela izinambuzane, imililo, ukugawulwa kwemithi kanye nezingozi amakhulu eminyaka amaningi.
Omunye umbuzo ophindaphindayo uthi Uphi umuthi womnqumo omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni?Futhi, usuku alunembile ngokuphelele, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi balubeka esiqhingini saseKrethe, nge-Olive Tree of Vouves, yize kulo lonke elaseMedithera (eSpain, e-Italy, eGrisi, ePalestine) kunezihlahla zomnqumo zasendulo ezinenani elikhulu lomlando namasiko, njengalezo eziseNsimini yaseGetsemane eJerusalema.
Esimweni esithile saseSpain, ngaphezu kwe-"Four Legs" eshiwo ngenhla eCastellón, izifunda eziningi zaseMaestrazgo naseningizimu yeCatalonia ziyikhaya lezilwane zangempela. amasonto amakhulu aphilayo enziwe ngokhuni, ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa namasiko ezolimo nawomndeni adluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Kuvame ukubuzwa ukuthi lezi zihlahla zingavakashelwa yini. Impendulo, ngokuvamile, inguyebo, kodwa kunezixwayiso ezithile: ezinye, njengoMkhulu Omkhulu noma uJōmon Sugi, zitholakala emapaki kazwelonke afinyeleleka ngezinyawo ngemizila ephawuliwe, yize zino imikhawulo yokusondela kakhuluAbanye, njengoMethusela, bafihlwa ngamabomu futhi baxutshwe nemithi yobudala obufanayo ukuze bavikeleke ekuhlaselweni ngabantu.
Kuzo zonke izimo, isihluthulelo siwukugcina isimo sengqondo senhlonipho: ungakhweli esiqwini, ungasiphuli igxolo noma amagatsha, ungahlanganisi inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande, futhi njalo ulandele imiyalelo yabaqaphi bezilwane. Yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuthi lezi ziqhwaga zihlale ziphila nokuthi thina siqhubeke. ukuzigqaja ngogogo nomkhulu bemifino amakhulu eminyaka amaningi engeziwe.
Ekugcineni, lezi zihlahla zasendulo zingaphezu nje kwezinto ezimangalisayo zezitshalo noma izinombolo ezirekhodiwe: zimele inkumbulo yemvelo kanye namasiko yeplanethi yethu, ukuxhumana okuqondile nezikhathi ezikude esingaqhubeka sizijabulela kuphela uma sikwazi ukuzivikela ekuvakasheleni okukhulu, ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, sinakekela abaqaphi abadala boMhlaba ngokuhlakanipha nangothando, futhi sikhuthaze ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
