Indawo yonke igcwele izinto ezingenakubalwa, ezinhle nezithokozisayo kanye nezimo. Ezinye zinkulu kakhulu kanti ezinye zincane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bezinkanyezi abukhawuli i-Universe ukuthi iqhubeke nokuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi uthuli lwe-cosmic Ayisemuva kakhulu ekuhlobaneni kwezinkanyezi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, konke okubhekisela kule nto etholakala ku-amplitude yesikhala kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe lapha.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo yokufunda: AMAQEMBU: AMAQEMBU E-STELLAR KANYE NEMITHALA ESIKHATHINI
Uthuli lwe-cosmic lumayelana nalolo thuli olutholakala ububanzi nokujula kwesikhala. Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izinhlayiya ezincane kuno-100µm. Iphinde ibe nomkhawulo wama-micrometer angaba ngu-100 okwenzeka ngenxa yalokho izincazelo ezihlongozwayo ze-meteoroid. Lomzimba wokugcina i-meteoroid, yileyo nto eyeqa usayizi oshiwo ngenhla futhi futhi efinyelela ku-50m.
Nokho, le mikhawulo eshiwo ngenhla ayiqinile ngempela ekuhlukaniseni kwakho. Uthuli lwe-cosmic ingxenye yalo, lugcwalisa yonke indawo yonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa eyethu Uhlelo lomkhathi, nakuba ukuminyana kwayo kukuncane kakhulu (ukuminyana kuqondwa lapha njengenani lezinhlayiya nge-cubic meter ngayinye), kuminyene kakhulu uma kuwuthuli lwe-cometary noma i-circumplanetary disk kanye nokuminyene kancane uma kuwuthuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi noma i-intergalactic.
Kunjalo, ukuze siqonde lokhu kwakamuva, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngayinye yezigaba zayo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi uthuli lwe-cosmic emkhathini alutholakali ngendlela eyodwa, kodwa kunezindlela ezahlukene kulokho okungabonwa kuze kube manje. Akwaziwa ngokuqiniseka, yini ekhona ngale indawo yonke ebonakalayo (ingxenye ye-Universe engabonakala eMhlabeni), ngenxa yalesi sizathu sizosho lokho okuye kwafundwa kulokho okwaziwayo kuze kube manje.
Izinhlobo Zothuli Lwecosmic
Ezingeni lendawo, uthuli lwe-cosmic luphenduka into engekho endaweni ethile, kodwa luhlakazeke kuyo yonke iplanethi. indawo yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, iqukethe amanani amancane ahlanganisiwe wezinto ezibonakalayo futhi inokwakheka okuhluka kakhulu kuye ngokwazi ukuthi uthuli lwe-cosmic lwakhiwa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Le nto yasemkhathini yenziwe ngezinhlayiya eziqinile zeqhwa namatshe, ngisho nengxenye yothuli yenziwe ngamaketanga e-silicon.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthuli lwe-cosmic lusatshalaliswa emafwini, yilokhu okusivimbela ukuba sibone izinkanyezi ezingemuva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthuli ludlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezinkanyezi ngisho namaplanethi. Nakuba i-Solar System isaqukethe uthuli olukhulu lwe-cosmic "olwalusele" ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kweplanethi, ngaphezu kwalokho olunikezwa ngokuqhubekayo yizinkanyezi ezinomsila lapho basondele elangeni.
Uthuli lwe-cosmic luba ngenye yezinto ezibangela umsila omude noma izinwele eziboniswa yinkanyezi enomsila. Nakuba empeleni, akubanga njalo kuthakazelisa ukuphenya lokhu into yesikhala ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo sokuvimbela okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla.
Lapho sekutholakele uthuli lwe-cosmic, ukuqala kwalo akuzange kube mnandi kakhulu kwizazi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi uthuli lwe-cosmic, olubizwa nangokuthi uthuli lwezinkanyezi, kwakuyinkathazo eyayivimba ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwezinkanyezi, amaplanethi nezinye izindikimba zasemkhathini. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izakhiwo manje seziyaziwa ukuthi zijabulisa kakhulu futhi ezivela ngokuqondile othulini lwe-cosmic, ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wayo nokubaluleka kwayo kwezinkanyezi kwaqondwa kangcono.
Uphenyo lwayo belubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi abacwaningi bathatha ijika basuka ekuyibukeni njengesivimbelo, baphendukela ekubeni inhloso. into yokufunda. Lapho okuye kwatholakala khona ukuthi i-Cosmic Dust ingahlukaniswa ngendawo yayo yezinkanyezi, kanye nangemvelaphi yayo. Phakathi kwalokho okuye kwahlanganiswa ke umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zothuli lwe-cosmic.
Isigaba sokuqala: I-Intergalactic Dust
Lolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic yilolo olutholakala phakathi kwemithala, engaba ingxenye yamafu. uthuli lwe-intergalactic. Kuye kwenziwa uphenyo oluhlukene ngalolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Phakathi kwalezi zifundo, kusetshenziswe izinto ezihlukahlukene eziye zaba abahlanganyeli abakhulu ekutholeni idatha yakamuva kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic.
Ngo-1997, kwakuyi-telescope ye-Iso infrared space, eyingxenye ye- I-European Space Agency (ESA), eqale yathola uthuli esikhaleni se-intergalactic. Phakathi nalesi senzakalo, izazi zezinkanyezi zaseJalimane nezaseFinnish zakwazi ukuthola uthuli olugxilile kumlaza we-Coma Berenices, lapho imithala engaphezu kuka-500 yakha iqoqo le-Coma.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ku indawo ye-intergalactic bekuyoba khona igesi elincane kuphela; Ngaphandle kokugxila kwezinkanyezi, igesi nothuli okwakha imithala. Namuhla lolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic yilo olucasula kakhulu lapho ufunda izimo, imibala nezinye izingxenye zemithala ehlukene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kucasula kunxeshezelwa ngokucwaninga kwezingxenye zempushana.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda uthuli lwe-intergalactic, ngoba luvela ezintweni zasemkhathini. Sazi kahle ukuthi i-Universe yethu igcwele izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziguquguqukayo nabadali bezinkanyezi noma izinto ezichichimayo. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwazi yonke into futhi kungenxa yokuthi njengabantu, akukho okwenzekayo kokwazi yonke indawo yendawo yonke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutadisha yonke into eyaziwa futhi ezuzwe ngemishini eyethulwe eMhlabeni.
Isigaba sesibili: Uthuli lwe-Interstellar
Kulokhu, uthuli lwe-cosmic oluhlukile kwezinye futhi ngenxa yendawo yalo. I uthuli lwe-interstellar, iyona ebekwe ngokukhethekile phakathi kwezinkanyezi, njengothuli lwe-nebula noma olwamaqoqo avulekile njenge-Pleiades. Uthuli lwe-Interstellar "luyinto eluhlaza" okungenzeka ukuthi isebenzisana nokwakhiwa kwamaplanethi kanye nokutholwa kwayo okungaqondile ngezibonakude kanye nezibonakude zomsakazo.
Mhlawumbe ungafunda: AMANOVELI AMA-3 WE-NEBULOSE KANYE NEKUHLUKANA KWAWO E-COSMOS
Uthuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi zenziwa ngani nokuthi lezi zinto zasemkhathini zizalwa, ziphila futhi zife kanjani, njengoba kuboniswa ucwaningo olwenziwa izazi zezinkanyezi. Abacwaningi baphinde babonise ukuthi lezi yizo low density izinhlayiya ezithatha indawo yonke kanye neSolar System. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yonke yakhiwe nge-hydrogen engu-70% ne-helium engu-28%; iphesenti elisele liqukethe izakhi ezisindayo ezifana nekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, insimbi, ne-silicon.
Okusele kungamaphesenti amabili lapho ingxenye kuthiwa iwuthuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi, olwakhiwe izinhlamvu eziqinile ezine-micron eyodwa. I-micron iyunithi elingana nengxenye eyinkulungwane yemilimitha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uthuli lwe-interstellar luncane kakhulu kunothuli olusemhlabeni, kungathiwa lubukeka njengentuthu. Kodwa-ke, ngesayensi yezinkanyezi lokhu kunenzuzo yakho nokuthi ibamba ukukhanya kahle. Lokhu kuvela kuyisenzo esiza ukuthwebula izingxenye zeplanethi ngesibonakude.
Lapho lezi zinhlayiya zikwazi ukuqoqa ndawonye, yilapho ngokusobala zanda ngevolumu futhi zakha ama-disc ezungeze izinhlayiya. izinkanyezi ezincane. Ngale ndlela, okusanhlamvu kukhiqizwa lokho kuzungeza futhi kungqubuzane, njengoba kuqinisekiswa izazi zezinkanyezi. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi amaqoqo amakhudlwana akhiwa akhula kancane kancane akhe "amaplanethi" kanye nama-asteroids wokuhleleka kwekhilomitha ashayisana ukuze akhe amaplanethi, anezakhiwo ezingaba ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kumakhilomitha ayi-10,000.
uphenyo oluningiliziwe
Ngosizo lweHubble Space Telescope yeNASA, kwenziwa izifundo entweni yasezulwini ebizwa ngokuthi I-Herbig-Haro 30 (HH30). Kuyi-nebula yesikhashana ehlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwezinkanyezi futhi itholakala ku-Constellation of the Bull, iminyaka engu-500 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ngokuvumelana nalolu cwaningo, ukuqhathanisa kwenziwa nedatha evela kusayensi yezinkanyezi yokubuka kanye namamodeli ekhompiyutha ephinda yakheka kabusha ukwakheka kwamaplanethi.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwaboniswa ukuthi indawo efana noMhlaba ayikatholakali. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlola kukhombisa ukuthi ayikho indawo eqinisekisiwe okungahlalwa kuyo ngoba isezingeni lokushisa elihlukahlukene elisuka ku-zero liye ku-zero. Ama-100 degrees Celsius. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwama-exoplanet angaphezu kuka-200 atholakele, izazi zezinkanyezi ziqondise kwamanye alolu hlobo futhi okungenzeka agcine kuwo ukuphila uma enamanzi awuketshezi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uphenyo lunemininingwane yesilinganiso esimayelana nokukhanya okukhona ku- indawo yomhlaba. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ngokuqondile ukuthi ama-nebula noma amaqoqo othuli lwe-cosmic aphakathi kwezinkanyezi anesibopho sokubonisa okungenani amaphesenti angama-30 okukhanya okuphelele komthala. Ukutholwa okukhulu, njengoba ububanzi bemithala buhlala buthakazelisa kunoma ubani futhi, yiqiniso, kososayensi.
Le mininingwane ebalulekile yokuthola ngobuningi obukhulu ukuthi uthuli oluphakathi kwezinkanyezi olukhiqiza ukukhanya emithala. Yiqiniso, akanikezwa ukuvelela okuphelele kwento enjalo, kodwa i-30% yezikweletu, okusho ukuthi cishe unesigamu ithonya lokukhanya kusuka okufanayo.
Isigaba sesithathu: Uthuli lwamaplanethi
Okungashiwo ngalolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic, olubizwa ngokuthi i-interplanetary dust, ukuthi lusendaweni ezungeza iLanga phakathi kwamaplanethi. Eqinisweni, imvelaphi yayo ifana kakhulu naleyo ye- ama-meteoroids, ekhishwe ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemizimba ye-Solar System noma izinsalela zokwakheka kwayo. Ibuye yenziwe ngothuli lwe-cometary.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthuli lwe-interplanetary nalo lwakhiwa izinhlayiya ezifika ku-100mm. Kusuka kulobo bukhulu lapho kutholakala khona ama-Meteoroid kanye nezinto ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ziyizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu. I-Interplanetary dust ingukuhluka kothuli lwe-cosmic, kubizwa ngokuthi i-interplanetary njengoba kunjalo phakathi kweLanga namaplanethi.
Uthuli lwe-Interplanetary luvela ohlotsheni olufanayo lokungqubuzana okwakhiwe ngalo amasathelayithi nama-meteorite e-Solar System. Kube yimpushana ikhishwe ngokushayisana yemizimba noma ekhishwe yizinkanyezi ezinomsila, iphinde ibe yingxenye yezinsalela zokwakheka kweSolar System. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, uthuli lwe-interplanetary lungabonakala ngandlela-thile eMhlabeni, uma ubusuku bumnyama kakhulu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi okufanayo ngokuzinza okukhulu kungabonakala ngokuqondile lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya kwe-zodiacal. Inaleli gama njengoba ukukhanya okufiphele kungabonwa endizeni yesithombe. i-ecliptic ekuseni noma kuhwalala. Iwukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwelanga okuvela othulini oluphakathi kwamaplanethi aseduze neLanga Iplanethi yethu enguMhlaba, ekuhambeni kwayo izungeza iLanga, ithwebula izinkulungwane zamathani alolu thuli nsuku zonke (cishe angu-2900 ngosuku).
Ukuthwebula uthuli lwe-interplanetary
Njengoba sekushiwo kahle, ngenkathi uMhlaba uzungeza iLanga, uqoqa inani elithile lothuli lwamaplanethi. Kuthiwa angu-2900 XNUMX amathani alolu thuli abanjwa ngosuku. Futhi ngokusekelwe kulokho okubalwe ngalelo zinga lokubamba, uma ungakwenzi qeda loluthuli, Emhlabeni kwakuyoba nongqimba olukhulu lothuli olunombala omnyama cishe imitha elilodwa ukuphakama, okuwuthuli oluphakathi kwamaplanethi.
Uthuli oluthi lunamandla esimisweni sonozungezilanga futhi amandla ahlukene asebenza kuso, njengoba kunjalo nge- umfutho wemisebe. Kungamandla aphusha uthuli oluphakathi kwamaplanethi, alubambezele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezama ukuluyisa engxenyeni engaphandle yesimiso sonozungezilanga, ngaleyo ndlela abe i-vector ekhombayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uthuli lwe-interplanetary ngokwalo luthintwa ukushuba kwe i-electromagnetic wave iphuma eLangeni Le ngcindezi ibuthaka kakhulu, nokho iyabonakala kakhulu emisileni ye-cometary njengoba besondela eLangeni.
Ngokuqondile ngenxa yalokho osekuchaziwe, kuphakama isidingo sokukhomba ukuthi yini Umphumela we-Poyting-Robertson, imayelana nokusebenzisana okuvela othulini oluphakathi kwamaplanethi nokukhanya kwelanga. Lona yiwo okhiqiza amandla awenza ehlise ijubane abe buthakathaka kunalawo akhiqizwa umfutho wemisebe. Nokho, ibalulekile njengoba ihlakaza amandla, ibangele ukuthi inhlayiya iwele kancane emizileni, izungeza ibheke elangeni.
Ukwakhiwa kothuli lwe-interplanetary
Phakathi kwakho konke okungenhla, kubalulekile ukukugqamisa lokho lapho ukhuluma nge ukulahla uthuli esimisweni sonozungezilanga, kuvela ukuthi isezingeni eliphakeme phakathi kweplanethi i-Mars kanye neLanga, inokwakheka kwe-lenticular egoqekile, nendiza yayo eyinhloko yokulinganisa ehambisana nendiza engaguquki yesimiso sonozungezilanga, ebizwa nangokuthi indiza ephakeme kakhulu. of Aries noma Laplace.
Ungahle ube nentshisekelo ku: IMINININGWANE NGE-METEOROIDS KANYE NEZINDABA ZAZO EZINGAMANJE
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwamanje akwaziwa ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uthuli lwe-interplanetary lwakhiwa kanjani. Ukuze kutholwe, kuye kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengezindiza ngisho namabhaluni anomsindo asendaweni ephakeme ukuze kuthunjwe uthuli phakathi kwamaplanethi, ngaleyo ndlela kuseshwa phansi olwandle ukuze kutholwe izinto ezifana nama- meteorite. Yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ama-cosmic spherules. Lama-spherules anombala omnyama futhi akhiwe ingxube ye-silicates kanye ne-carbon compounds.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka okujwayelekile kothuli lwe-interplanetary oluqoqwe eMhlabeni kufana kakhulu ne-carbonaceous contrites. Kuyimpushana enamathela eMhlabeni futhi ifinyelele phansi ngokujiya ngamaconsi amanzi, amakhekheba eqhwa noma isichotho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umhwamuko wamanzi usebenzisa uthuli njengama-condensation nuclei. Indawo lapho kunqwabelana khona uthuli oluningi phakathi kwamaplanethi emhlabeni wethu izimbotshana zeqhwa elisendaweni emincane, lokhu kuyindawo yokulondoloza yemvelo eyiqiniso efanayo.
Isigaba Sesine: I-Circumstellar Disk Dust
Lolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic lufanelekile wezinkanyezi ezincane lapho ama-exoplanets angakakheki khona. Ngalo mqondo, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi iyini i-circumstellar disk futhi ivele iyisakhiwo esibonakalayo esisesimweni sendandatho noma i-torus etholakala eduze kwenkanyezi. I-circumstellar disk yenziwe ngokuyinhloko igesi, uthuli, nezinto ezinamatshe noma ezineqhwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-planetesimals.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi amadiski e-circumstellar zingavela ngenkathi isigaba sokwakheka kwenkanyezi senzeka. Kungaleso sikhathi, lapho ngenxa yefu elifanayo legesi nothuli elakheka kulo (elibizwa nangokuthi ama-protoplanetary disks), futhi nakuba ingxenye enkulu yezinto kamuva yamukelwa inkanyezi, iphonswa umoya wenkanyezi, noma ibanjwe ngaphakathi. uhlobo lwamaplanethi, inani elisele lingasinda ngendlela yebhande le-asteroid noma ibhande le-Kuiper.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, idiski ye-circumstellar ingadalwa lapho i- ukushayisana kwamaplanethi amabili noma ebizwa nangokuthi ama-planetesimals, okuyidiski lemfucumfucu. Ingaqala ngisho nangenkathi yokuthwebula igesi ephuma emkhathini ongaphezulu wenkanyezi engumngane esimweni sezinkanyezi kanambambili ezivaliwe, okuyi-accretion disk.
I-circumstellar disk yokuqala eyake yatholwa eduze kwenkanyezi efana neLanga yabonwa ngo-2004 lapho ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi lithola i-circumstellar disk yemfucumfucu ezungeze iLanga. inkanyezi HD 107146.
Ukwahlukaniswa Kwesihlanu: Uthuli Lwediski Eyindilinga
Isibonelo salolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic yileso sezindandatho zeplanethi yeSaturn noma i-Uranus. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuchaza ukuthi kuyini indandatho yeplanethi okuyindandatho yothuli futhi ihlanganisa, vele, ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu futhi ezizungeza iplanethi. Okumangalisa kakhulu futhi okwaziwayo kusukela esikhathini se-telescopic izindandatho zeSaturn. Kwakucatshangwa kudala ukuthi iSaturn iwukuphela kweplanethi enezindandatho, futhi ubunye bayo kwakuyinkinga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela ngonyaka we-1977 amasongo e-Uranus atholakala. Kodwa-ke, kakade kulesi sikhathi esithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, izindlela eziya kwamanye amaplanethi ziye zavunyelwa futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, namuhla kwaziwa ukuthi amaplanethi amane amakhulu we-Solar System kanye ne-centaur anezinhlelo zawo zendandatho. Okusho ukuthi, amaplanethi iJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus, iNeptune kanye namanye Centaur Chariclo.
Besebenzisa lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe, abacwaningi baye bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi i-Jupiter inohlelo lwendandatho futhi i-Uranus inezindandatho ezihlukene eziyisishiyagalolunye okungenani. Indlela yeVoyager kuNeptune ngo-1989 yiyona eyenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindandatho zinwetshwe phakathi kwamaplanethi amakhulukazi e-Solar System yangaphandle. I Izindandatho zeNeptune zaziyivelakancane kakhulu, njengoba zazibonakala zakhiwe ama-arcs angaphelele, nokho izithombe ze-Voyager kwakuyizo ezazibonisa izindandatho eziphelele nakuba zinezicucu zokukhanya okuhlukile okwakusho ukuthi ama-arc agqamile kuphela angabonwa evela eMhlabeni.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ithonya adonsela phansi umalusi inyanga Galatea futhi ngokunokwenzeka nezinye izinyanga zamadlelo ezingakabonwa, banesibopho salezi zigaxa emasongweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya zendandatho ziyahlukahluka; kungase kube uthuli oluthambile noma oluneqhwa olutholakala ngokukhethekile kumaplanethi amane amakhulu, kanye neqhwa lamanzi esimweni seSaturn. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasayizi ayahluka ukusuka kusayizi wama-micrometer kuya kumatshe angamashumi amamitha.
Izici zamaplanethi
Isici esiyingqayizivele samaplanethi lapho kutholakala khona uthuli lwe-circumplanetary disk, ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izindandatho zabo zinezinyanga ezidlayo. Zimayelana nezinyanga ezithile ezincane kakhulu futhi ezijikelezayo emaphethelweni angaphandle amasongo noma ngisho naphakathi kwezikhala emasongweni, ephethe izigaba. Ubukhulu benyanga eklabileyo busukela kwikhilomitha ukuya emashumini amakhilomitha.
Amasathelayithi amangalisayo okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla atholakala ngaphakathi kohlelo lwendandatho yeplanethi futhi angaphakathi kwe Umkhawulo we-Roche we-Jupiter. Inyanga engaphakathi komkhawulo we-Roche ingahlala ndawonye kuphela uma ukuhlangana okukuyo kunqoba amandla adonsela phansi ahlukene ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezihlukene zenyanga, ngakho-ke kufanele kube kuhlangene futhi kube kuncane. Amandla adonsela phansi amasathelayithi umalusi anomsebenzi wokugcina unqenqema lwangaphandle lwendandatho luchazwe kahle kakhulu.
Angazi okwamanje, kanjani izindandatho zeplanethi. Ngamanye amazwi, imvelaphi yazo ayaziwa, nokho kulinganiselwa ukuthi azinzile futhi zinyamalale eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Njengomphumela walokhu, amasistimu amaringi amanje kufanele abe nomsuka wesimanje okungenzeka ukuthi wakhiwe kusukela kumfucumfucu wenye isathelayithi yemvelo eyake yaba nomthelela omkhulu noma odabeni lwakudala.
Isigaba sesithupha: Uthuli lwamahlaya
Lolu hlobo lothuli lwe-cosmic lukhishwa kunkanyezi enomsila ngomoya welanga. Yilokho okungakhiqiza ama-meteors uma ingena emkhathini womhlaba ngisho nasezihlahleni ze-meteor, lapho kwenzeka ngobuningi. ngokukhethekile i uthuli lwenkanyezi, uthuli lwe-cosmic oluvela kunkanyezi enomsila. Khona-ke, umsuka womoya welanga okhipha izinhlayiya zothuli ezivela kwinkanyezi enomsila ziye emkhathini lapho inkanyezi enomsila iseduze neLanga.
Iqiniso elifanele mayelana nothuli lwe-cometary ukuthi le nto inganikeza ulwazi oluthakazelisayo mayelana nemvelaphi nokwakheka kwenkanyezi enomsila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma lolu thuli luye lwakhishwa inkanyezi enomsila endaweni eseduze nomjikelezo woMhlaba, ingangena emkhathini womhlaba, okubangela ukwenzeka kwama- meteor. Noma uthuli olugxilile luphezulu kakhulu, lungaholela ekutheni a i-meteor shower.
Lesi sigameko esesishiwo ngenhla sizokwenzeka njalo uma uMhlaba udlula endaweni lapho uthuli lwenkanyezi enomsila lwadedelwa khona yinkanyezi enomsila kuze kube uMhlaba ugcina udonsa lonke uthuli lwenkanyezi olwashiywa yinkanyezi enomsila ngesikhathi idlula. Isibonelo salokhu uthuli lwe-cometary olwaluvela emfucumfucwini ekhishwe yi- Inkanyezi enomsila 1P/Halley, eyakhiqiza izihlambi ezimbili zama-meteor, eye-Orionids, ngo-October, neye-Eta Aquarids, ngo-May.
Mhlawumbe uthuli oluhlaba umxhwele kakhulu oluvela kuplanethi enguMhlaba. Yiyo ngisho naleyo engadonsa ukunakwa okukhulu, kwezinhlobo eziyisi-6 zothuli lwe-cosmic olukhona indawo ye-cosmic. Isizathu siwukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunokuxhumana noMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-Cosmic Dust lubaluleke kakhulu olwazini nasekufundeni izinto zendalo yonke ngisho ne-Universe ngokwayo.