Esikhathini esedlule, umjaho wokunqoba umkhathi ugcine i-USA ne-USSR njengabalingiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ithuthukise kakhulu i-aeronautics nokundiza emkhathini. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kokubili uhlelo lwesikhala saseMelika kanye ne uhlelo lwe-soviet space Baba nesandla ekutholakaleni okukhulu esintwini. Uhlelo lwaseSoviet lwasemkhathini lwasebenza njengentuthuko ezimele ehloselwe ukuletha ulwazi lomuntu emkhathini. Naphezu kwemikhuba yakhe eyizimpikiswano nesizinda sakhe sezombangazwe, washiya uphawu lwakhe emlandweni wesintu. Ngezenzo zabo, babeka isisekelo sakho konke osekuzuzwe namuhla. Akungabazeki ukuthi naye ufanelwe ukuhlonishwa.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Yazi izindawo ezintathu zokugcina zokwethulwa kanye namaphrojekthi azo!
Ngaphambi kokungena odabeni. Luyini ngempela uhlelo lwasemkhathini? Thola incazelo yayo!
Njengoba kwaziwa, ulwazi lomkhathi ngumbuzo ovela ezikhathini zasendulo. Obaba besayensi yezinkanyezi zakudala yibona ababeka amatshe okuqala ethempeli elisamile.
Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bamanje, kube nesandla ekwakhiweni kwe- uhlelo lwe-soviet space lokho kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwendawo yonke. Njengoba sezikhona, izinhlelo zasemkhathini ezaziwa kakhulu kube yilezo ezithuthukiswe yi-United States kanye ne-USSR yangaphambili.
Umthombo: Google
Namuhla, uhlelo lwasemkhathini Ihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukuhlola indawo yonke. Ngokuyisisekelo, awuchungechunge lwamaphrojekthi noma amasu afuna ukubuyisela umuntu emkhathini. Uma kuhluleka lokho, yikhono lobunjiniyela basemkhathini ukwakha imikhumbi, ama-probe noma izinto zobuciko ezizokwethulwa emkhathini.
Konke okusendaweni yonke kuyigugu ngokwesayensi nangokwezomnotho. Izinhlelo zasemkhathini zihlobene nolwazi nokuqonda kwendawo yonke kanye nayo yonke into eyakhayo. Ngokulandelayo, ixhumanisa izinto ezingaba khona nezinto ezikhona nenani elithile lemali.
izinhlelo zesikhala bafuna ukuthi isintu sisondele kulokho okungaziwa. Ngokusebenzisa i-astronautics, okufunekayo ukweqa imingcele yamanje futhi kweqe lokho okuzuziwe.
Njengamanje, ngomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe phakathi kwe NASA kanye nenkampani i-SPACE X, isifiso siwukukhuphula izinga lezinhlelo zasemkhathini. Ngokudalwa kwemishini emisha neyinkimbinkimbi, kancane kancane umuntu uzofinyelela kulokho abelokhu ekufuna: isibhakabhaka.
Konke mayelana nohlelo lwe-Soviet space kanye nemisebenzi yalo emangalisayo eyenziwe!
Phakathi kuka-1955 no-1975, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Space Race kwenzeka phakathi kwama-colossi amabili omhlaba. Kokubili i-United States neSoviet Union zazizimisele ukufinyelela iqophelo elalingacabangeki isintu ngaleso sikhathi.
Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando zichaza lesi sikhathi somlando njengomncintiswano wezombangazwe, iqiniso liwukuthi ushiye iminikelo emikhulu. Kokubili i- uhlelo lwe-soviet space Njengabantu baseMelika, bakwazile ukuthuthuka olwazini lwendawo kungakhathaliseki isizinda esihilelekile phakathi kwezizwe zombili.
Umzamo wokubambisana owenziwa womabili la mazwe, baphetha ngokwakhiwa kwamasathelayithi okusetshenziswa kwesayensi. Baphinde baba yizizwe zokuqala ezathumela imikhumbi enomuntu emkhathini naseNyangeni imbala.
Namuhla, wonke ama-honours kanye nokuhlonishwa kubalwa ohlelweni lwasemkhathini lwaseMelika. Nokho, i uhlelo lwe-soviet space, uphinde wanikela ngenani elikhulu lezimanga okufanele zigqanyiswe ngokulinganayo.
Sibonga kubo kanye nokuncintisana kwabo njalo nezwe laseNyakatho Melika, umuntu unombono ongcono ngomkhathi. Ngendlela efanayo, yaphawula ngaphambi nangemva kobuchwepheshe bangaleso sikhathi.
I-Sputnik-1
ISoviet Union iklonyeliswa ngomklomelo ongokomfanekiso wokwethula isathelayithi yokuqala yokwenziwa. Ngomgomo wokufaka idivayisi ku-orbit engaba nomthelela ocwaningweni lwasemkhathini, baphumelele. Ngo-Okthoba 1957, i- I-Sputnik waqala umsebenzi wakhe kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wokuqhakambisa umjaho wasemkhathini.
Owokuqala ophilayo ukuba semkhathini, uLaika
Umnikelo kaLaika kanye nomhlatshelo olandelayo ebhodini lokwethulwa, wabeka isisekelo semishini yesikhathi esizayo eyenziwe abantu. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngokusekelwe kulokhu lwavumela imikhumbi ukuba ishintshwe ukuze abantu bakwazi ukundiza. Ngaphakathi kweSputnik 2, uLaika waqala ukuhamba ngomkhumbi waya emkhathini ngoNovemba 1957.
U-Yuri Gagarin noValentina Tereshkova
Ngo-April 1961, u-Yuri Gagarin weqa imingcele yezenzo ezenziwe ngumuntu kuze kube manje. Lo mkhathi waseSoviet waba ngumuntu wokuqala ukunikeza noma ukuqedela umjikelezo woMhlaba. Kamuva, u-Valentina Tereshkova, owayegibele i-Vostok 6, wakwazi ukufanisa indawo efanayo, engowesifazane wokuqala emkhathini.
Iziteshi ze-Saliut space
uhlelo lwe-soviet space iphinde yabonakala ngokubeka iziteshi zasemkhathini zokuqala emzileni. Ngenxa yerokhethi yasemkhathini, iProton, iziteshi ezimbili zomphakathi ezinegama elithi DOS zakhiwe kanye nesiteshi samasosha esibizwa ngokuthi i-Almaz. Ngamunye wabo wahlala enkonzweni kusukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1986.
Mars 1 kanye neVenera 1
Emzamweni wayo wokuthola noma ukuhlaziya indawo yeminye imihlaba, iSoviet Union yethula ama-probe amabili ahlanganisa amaplanethi. Kokubili i-Mars 1 kanye ne-Venera 1 ikwazile ukundiza phezu kwe-Mars ne-Venus ngokulandelana, ibeka isibonelo esingokomlando.
Kungani uhlelo lweSoviet lubhalwe "njengohlelo lwesikhala esiyimfihlo"?
Umthombo: Google
Ukuphikisana phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union, idlulele ngale kwepolitiki noma ngokwezwe. Ngemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, okuwukuphela kwento eyayisele ukuyinqoba kwakuyisikhala esingaphezu kwalezi zizwe.
Kubhekwa njengohlelo oluyimfihlo lwasemkhathini ngoba, isikhathi esithile, kwaba nokuthula okukhulu ngasohlangothini lwalesi sizwe. Kusukela kwethulwa iSputnik-1, kwavezwa ukuthi kwenzekani ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokuyisisekelo, lolu hlelo lwesikhala esiyimfihlo, waqala uMjaho Wasemkhathini owaziwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSoviet Union yakhetha ukwamukela lelisu ukuze izinhlelo zayo zingadalulwa. Kubo, ukunqoba isibhakabhaka ngaphambi kwezinye izizwe kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya enkathini entsha.
Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi zenzo zenziwa ngokuyimfihlo ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazanyiswa kwezinye izizwe. Lapho ekugcineni kuvela, impikiswano ayizange ithathe isikhathi eside. Nokho, konke kubangele ukukhanya okuningi kunezithunzi.
