Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi abantu baye bavakashela enyangeni izikhathi eziningi kunasekujuleni kolwandle lweplanethi yethu. Kusekuningi okumele kutholwe futhi kuphenywe emiseleni yasolwandle okungakahlolisiswa kuze kube namuhla. Abanye babo badume kakhulu kunabanye. Ungakwazi yini ukubona ukuthi yikuphi okujule kunakho konke? Hhayi-ke, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kulesi sihloko. uma ufuna ukwazi uyini umsele we-mariana, Ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi yiziphi izici zayo, sizokutshela nokuthi ikuphi futhi, into ebaluleke kakhulu, yini engemuva Kodwa ungakhathazeki, izimo ezikhona ngamamitha amaningi kangaka ngaphansi kwamanzi azibangeli izilo zasolwandle, kodwa zibangela ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila ezingavamile.
Yini futhi ikuphi i-Mariana Trench?
Umbhali: ALAN.JARED.MATIAS
Umthombo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mariana_Trench.jpg
Ake siqale ngokuchaza ukuthi iyini iMariana Trench. Hhayi-ke, wukucindezeleka olwandle okunobude obungamakhilomitha angu-2550 nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-69. Igqama ngomumo wayo onelukuluku lengxenye yenyanga futhi ngokuba indawo ejulile yolwandle lwale planethi.
Ukujula okuphezulu okutholakala ku-Mariana Trench kutholakala esigodini esincane esingaphansi, eningizimu kakhulu, esibizwa ngokuthi. Challenger Deep. Lapho ungehlela ku-11034 amamitha. Ukuze uthole umbono: The I-Mount Everest, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eMhlabeni, ubude bayo bungamamitha angu-8849. Okungukuthi, ukube bekunjalo ngaleso sikhathi, ukhakhayi lwalo luyobe lusengaphansi kwamanzi, cishe ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Noma kunjalo, I-Mariana Trench akuyona indawo eseduze nendawo ephakathi noMhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iplanethi yethu ayiyona imbulunga ephelele njengoba sivame ukucabanga, kodwa inomumo oyindilinga oyi-oblate. Ukufakazela lokho, kufanele sibheke kuphela i-radii yezigxobo kanye nenkabazwe. I-radius icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-25 ukuphakama enkabazwe kunasezigxotsheni. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izindawo ezingaphansi kolwandle ezingaphansi kwe-Arctic Ocean ziseduze nenkaba yoMhlaba kune-Challenger Deep, etholakala oLwandlekazini iPacific.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-Mariana Trench, wonke amanzi angaphezulu kwawo afaka ingcindezi engekho ngaphezulu futhi engekho ngaphansi kwe-bar ye-1086. Ukuze uthole umbono: Kuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ingcindezi yasemkhathini ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yalo mfutho, amanzi andisa ukuminyana kwawo ngo-4,96% kanti izinga lokushisa liphakathi kwe-degree Celsius eyodwa nezine.
Indawo
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi iyini i-Mariana Trench, ake sixoxe ngokuthi singayithola kuphi. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, Itholakala entshonalanga yePacific Ocean cishe amakhilomitha angu-200 empumalanga ye-Mariana Islands, yingakho igama lomsele. Ngokwepolitiki, bangabase-United States.
Akudingeki ukusho, i-Mariana Trench ibhekwa njengesikhumbuzo sesizwe sase-United States kusukela ngo-2009. Abacwaningi abahlukahlukene abavela ku-Scripps Oceanography Centre sebeneminyaka behlola leyo ndawo. Lapho bathole izibonelo okungezabo I-Xenophyophorea, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezitholakala futhi zithuthuke ngamamitha angu-10600 ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha iqoqiwe ebonisa ukuthi kunezinye izinhlobo zokuphila ezansi lapho, ikakhulukazi ama-microorganisms. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola futhi izinhlanzi ze-phosphorescent. Okulandelayo sizokhuluma kancane ngalokho okukulokho kujula.
Yini engaphansi kwe-Mariana Trench?
Abantu sebekwazile ukufinyelela cishe phansi eMariana Trench izikhathi ezintathu. Okokuqala kwaba ngo-1960, lapho u-Aguste Piccard noDon Walsh befinyelela ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-10911 2012 eChallenger Deep. Ngo-10908, umenzi wefilimu wodumo uJames Cameron wacishe wafanisa nabangaphambi kwakhe, wafinyelela kumamitha ayi-XNUMX.
Nokho, irekhodi laphulwa nguVictor Vescovo, owafinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-10928. Wachaza ngokwakhe engxoxweni ukuthi kwakudumaza kakhulu ukufika phansi kangako futhi uthole ukungcoliswa kwabantu okungaka. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi sithola amapulasitiki esiwaphonsa olwandle. Nokho, kuleyo ndawo ejulile futhi emnyama ungathola nezinye izinto ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu.
Izidalwa eziphilayo emseleni wasolwandle ojulile emhlabeni
Zimbalwa izidalwa eziphilayo ezingaphila endaweni enezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengaku-Challenger's Deep, kodwa zikhona. Kwakungo-2011 lapho kutholakala ukuthi izidalwa ezifana nezipontshi zasolwandle nezinye izilwane zasolwandle zihlala ngaphansi kweMariana Trench: Ama-xenophyophores.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi zinokufana okuthile nezinye izinto eziphilayo, empeleni zingama-microorganisms ahlelwe abe ama-pseudostructures. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ngokuyisisekelo kuwuhlobo lwesakhiwo noma ifomu elibonakala lilula ekuqaleni kodwa livele libe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. ama-xenophyophores bakhethekile ngokuphila nokuthuthuka ezimweni ezingase zibonakale zingenakwenzeka, okungenani kithi. Impela ngenxa yobungcweti babo obuphezulu, abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwendawo abahlala kuyo, yingakho kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuzifunda ngokucophelela.
Ngokungafani nezinye izilwandle ezijulile, i-Mariana Trench ibonakala icishe ibe yihlane. Njengoba lungekho uhambo oluvamile lapho futhi, kungenzeka ukuthi akekho oseke wahlangana nezilwane zasolwandle kuleyo ndawo okwamanje. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa kwamanye kwalasha olwandle, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle ezijulile zihlala kule ndawo. Lezi zivame ukuba nezicubu ze-gelatinous nezingaguquki ezingahlakazeka noma zincibilike lapho izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kungezona ezomsele wazo wasolwandle.
Kungenzeka ukuthi bahlala eMariana Trench ezinye izinhlobo ze-cephalopods, njengama-squid ama-giant, kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihluke kakhulu nezingavamile. Phakathi kwazo ngokuqinisekile uzothola i-hydra ne-jellyfish ekhanyayo, i-squid encelisayo, izinhlanzi zamazinyo nezimpumputhe, ukhukhamba wasolwandle owubukhazikhazi, njll.
Njengoba ubona, phansi kukhona umhlaba wonke ongawuthola. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe nesayensi ithuthuka, kutholakala izindlela ezintsha zokwenza uphenyo oluyinkimbinkimbi kangaka. Kodwa ukuze sithole yonke into ekujuleni kolwandle, siseneminyaka embalwa.