IMpi Yomshoshaphansi yayiyinkathi yezingxabano zezombangazwe nokubanga phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yomhlaba emibili esafufusa, i-United States neSoviet Union, eyachaza ingxenye enkulu yekhulu lama-XNUMX.. Nakuba kungazange kuhilele ukungqubuzana okuqondile, lokhu kungqubuzana kwemibono kanye nezwe kwashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni, kwakha ipolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe futhi kwathinta izimpilo zabantu emhlabeni wonke.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimpande, izici, kanye nemiphumela yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukungqubuzana okwathonya ipolitiki yomhlaba wonke kanye nokushintsha kwamandla kwachazwa kabusha. Kulabo abazibuzayo yayiyini impi ebandayo I-duel ye-ideological kanye ne-geopolitical ekhulwini lama-XNUMX kungaba impendulo eseduze kakhulu. Eminye imininingwane ingatholakala ngezansi.
Umsuka nomongo
IMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaqala ngeMpi Yezwe II futhi yaqala ngenxa yokwehluka kwezombusazwe, ngokwemibono, nangokwezomnotho phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union. Njengoba imibuso ye-Axis iwa, lemibuso emibili emikhulu yavela nezinhlelo zezombangazwe nezomnotho eziphikisanayo: ubunxiwankulu bentando yeningi obuholwa yi-United States kanye nobukhomanisi bobushiqela obuholwa yiSoviet Union. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi simiso, ungafunda mayelana izici zobuKhomanisi futhi i isizukulwane esithule nakho okube nomthelela kumongo wangaleso sikhathi.
Nakuba ayengabambisene phakathi nempi, imigomo yawo yashintsha ngokushesha ngemva kwempi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, womabili amandla alwela ukuphakama kwemibono yawo futhi akwenza lokho ngokufakwa kwamandla awo ngezenzo zemvelo eyahlukene yezenhlalo, ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho.
Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi “iMpi Yomshoshaphansi”?
Impela ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza eyasetshenziswa yiwo womabili amandla ukuze kutholwe amandla awo: esikhundleni sokubhekana ngezikhali okuqondile, umbango phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union wabonakala ngokuncintisana enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngamunye wabo wathuthukisa indlela yabo yesistimu ngezenzo ezingaqondile ezisungula ithonya labo lezombangazwe, ukulawula umnotho, nokuphakama kwemibono.
Ukuze, ibizwa ngokuthi "amakhaza" ngoba, ngokungafani nempi eshisayo noma evamile lapho kuba khona ukulwa phakathi kwamabutho, kwakungekho ukungqubuzana okuqondile kwezempi phakathi kwamandla okukhulunywe ngenhla.. Ukushuba kwesimo bekuzwakala endaweni ngaphandle kokuqeda "ukuqhuma" empini yezikhali, kodwa kwakwaziwa ukuthi umbango ubukhona. Ngakho-ke singachaza ukuthi yini ephawule le mpi ngokuthi "ibanda".
Yaqala kanjani iMpi Yomshoshaphansi? Imisebenzi eyizimbangi kunkundla yamazwe ngamazwe
Umzabalazo wobukhulwini emkhakheni wezizwe ngezizwe uthuthukiswe ngochungechunge lwemisebenzi omabili la mandla ayenza ukusungula amandla awo. Ukunakwa bekugxile ezindaweni ezehlukene esizibala ngezansi:
- Umjaho Wezikhali: zombili izinhlangothi zafuna ukuqongelela izikhali zenuzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezempi obuthuthukisiwe ekunyukeni kwezikhali okwaletha umhlaba onqenqemeni lokubhujiswa okuqinisekisiwe. Imfundiso yokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi yavela njengesu lokugwema impi eqondile.
- Ubunhloli Nenkulumo-ze: womabili amandla amakhulu ahileleke emisebenzini yobunhloli nempi yolwazi ukuze aqoqe ubuhlakani ngamakhono nezinhlelo zomunye nomunye. Inkulumo-ze nayo yayiyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuthonyeni imibono yomphakathi namadlelandawonye.
- Wars for Proxies: Esikhundleni sokungqubuzana okuqondile, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaliwa ngokuyinhloko ngezingxabano zama-proxy ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Zombili izinhlangothi zazisekela amaqembu ahlangene kanye nohulumeni emizabalazweni yendawo, njengeMpi YaseVietnam kanye neMpi yase-Afghanistan, lapho kwadlalwa khona imigqa eminingi yempi.
- Umjaho Wendawo: Umbango udlulele emkhathini ngomjaho odumile wokufinyelela eNyangeni. ISoviet Union yaba ngeyokuqala ukuthumela umuntu emkhathini noYuri Gagarin ngo-1961, kwathi i-United States yakwazi ukufinyelela eNyangeni ngo-1969 ngemishini ye-Apollo 11. Ungangena ujule esihlokweni sokuhlola kwenyanga nge umuntu wokuqala eNyangeni nabanye ohambweni olufike eNyangeni.
- I-Ideological Block: IMpi Yomshoshaphansi iphinde yaholela ekuhlukaniseni umhlaba ube yiziqephu ezimbili zemibono: iWestern bloc eholwa yi-United States namadlelandawonye ayo eNATO, kanye neMpumalanga eholwa yiSoviet Union kanye namazwe eWarsaw Pact.
Okulandelayo kanye nefa
IMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezombusazwe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomphakathi jikelele, siyabona ukuthi kanjani:
- i-polarization jikelele: Umbango phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano ezimbili wahlukanisa umhlaba futhi waholela amazwe amaningi ukuba akhethe izinhlangothi, kwakha iwebhu yokusebenzelana nobudlelwano obusekhona nanamuhla.
- Umsebenzi Wezobuchwepheshe: Ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union kwabhebhethekisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezifana nesayensi yamakhompiyutha, isayensi yasemkhathini, nezokwelapha, kwavulela isintu imingcele emisha.
- I-Decolonization kanye nezinguquko: Izingxabano zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi zivame ukuhambisana nokunyakaza kokususa amakholoni kanye nokuvukela emazweni asathuthuka, okubumba ezombusazwe kanye nobunikazi bezizwe eziningi ezisanda kuzimela.
- Ukuphela Kwempi Yomshoshaphansi: iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaphela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 ngezinguquko zezombusazwe nezomnotho eSoviet Union kanye nokuzwana phakathi kwabaholi abafana noGorbachev noReagan. Ukuwa koDonga LwaseBerlin ngo-1989 kwaphawula ukuwa kwe-Eastern Bloc, futhi ukuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1991 kwaqeda ngokusemthethweni ukungqubuzana.
- amagugu ahlala njalo: Nakuba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi isiphelile, imiphumela yayo isabonakala kahle kwezombusazwe zamazwe ngamazwe, imifelandawonye yomhlaba wonke, kanye namandla amanje e-geopolitical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwani phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu kuyavela ezingxabanweni zamanje, njengobudlelwano phakathi kwe-United States neRussia.
Ingxabano Ethule Namuhla: Amagqubu Empi Yomshoshaphansi
Nakuba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngokuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1991, Izingxabano ezingokomlando nezingxabano phakathi kwe-United States neRussia (eyalandela iSoviet Union) zisaqhubeka ngezinga elithile ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe. Izehlakalo zamanje nezingxabano zesifunda zingase zilawule lezi zingxabano ezedlule futhi zibangele inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili. Ungahlola okwengeziwe ngezimo ezihlobene nalesi sihloko esihlokweni esimayelana .
Nakuba ukungqubuzana kungazange kudlulele ekubeni impi eqondile yezikhali, imiphumela yako yezombangazwe, ezempi, nezamasiko yashiya uphawu oluhlala njalo emhlabeni, ilungisa kabusha indlela izizwe ezisebenzelana ngayo futhi ilolonge ukulandisa okungokomlando kwengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ngakho-ke, futhi ngendlela yesiphetho, singakusho lokho ngempela lokhu kuqhudelana kushiye isithunzi (noma amagqubu) endaweni yamanje yamazwe ngamazwe. Sithemba ukuthi le migqa ikusize ukuba uphendule ngokucacile umbuzo wakho wokuqala: yayiyini iMpi Yomshoshaphansi? i-duel ye-ideological kanye ne-geopolitical ekhulwini lama-XNUMX engazange ikushiye ungenandaba.