i-oki kakhokho Isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esijwayelekile emahlathini aseMedithera futhi udabuka eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika. Waziwa kakhulu ngokhokho abawukhiqizayo, osetshenziswa kaningi, okuvame kakhulu okokuvimba uphuzo oludakayo. Sonke sikhiphe ibhodlela le-champagne ngamandla emgubhweni othile, futhi sikukweleta lesi sihlahla esiqinile nesiphila isikhathi eside, esikwazi ukuphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100 noma engu-200.
Uma ufuna ukwazi yini i-oki kakhokho? futhi ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihlahla esiyigugu, sikumema ekuhambeni emhlabeni wesayensi yezitshalo ngokusebenzisa umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko, i-cork oak.
Iyini i-oki kakhokho? imvelo nokusabalalisa
i-oki kakhokho (Quercus suber) Kuyisihlahla esihlala emahlathini aseMedithera, ubukhulu obuphakathi nendawo eluhlaza, umsuka wawo utholakala eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.. Kuye kwanwetshwa kabanzi ngesenzo somuntu kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba ukuze kusetshenziswe amagxolo awo, lapho kukhishwa khona ukhokho obaluleke kakhulu. Kuyisihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, esivame ukuphila iminyaka ephakathi kuka-150 no-250, nakuba ama-oki kakhokho kuthiwa aneminyaka engaphezu kuka-500 ubudala, njenge "Bosco di San Pietro" eCaltagirone, eSicily (Italy).
Igama layo lesayensi, I-Quercus suber, lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini i-quecus, amaRoma ayewusebenzisa ekuchazeni igama elithi i-oki evamile (I-Quercus robur). I-epithet ethile, Khuphukela, NgesiLatini lisho ukhokho noma i-sombrero, yingakho i-oki kakhokho yaziwa nangokuthi i-sombrero kanti kwezinye izifunda kuthiwa. i-chaparro o sombrero oki, ikakhulukazi ukubhekisela kumasampula amancane kakhulu.
Inegxolo eliwugqinsi neliqinile eliba likhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma lithole imvula enkulu, njengoba ukhokho uyisihlahla esidinga amanzi amaningi. Amagxolo awo avunwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-14 ubudala futhi izinga likakhokho eliwunikezayo lilingana nenani leminyaka elithathwayo ukuwakhiqiza. Ubukhulu obukhulu beqoqo busethwe ku-24mm, okuwububanzi bepulaki evamile, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko. Ukuze uthole lobo bukhulu obuphumelelayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqoqe ama-rinds angaba ngu-30mm ubukhulu, okuthi, ngemva kokucubungula, kuzoholela esilinganisweni esidingekayo.
I-oki kakhokho itshalwa kabanzi eSpain, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco, France, Italy naseTunisia lapho ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-2,5. IPortugal imele u-50% wokukhiqizwa kukakhokho emhlabeni, ngakho kuleli zwe ukugawulwa kwalo akuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwehlathi okuthile noma ukususwa kwezihlahla ezindala ezingasakhiqizi.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye ne-ecology
Sasho ekuqaleni ukuthi i-oki kakhokho Kuwumuthi ojwayelekile wasehlathini laseMedithera futhi ihambisana nabanye abameleli balolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem, njenge-holm oak. Ngokungafani nomngane wawo, i-oki kakhokho idinga umswakama owengeziwe futhi ibekezelela isimo sezulu esibandayo kancane, ngisho nomcako omncane. Yingakho lapho lezi zidingo ezintathu zingahlangatshezwana nazo futhi njengoba isimo sezulu siba yizwekazi, sithathelwa indawo i-holm oak, ekwazi ukumelana nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa.
I-acorn ye-oki kakhokho yenzeka ezinyangeni zikaSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari, lapho isithwathwa nemvula kuvame kakhulu, izidingo ezibalulekile zokuthuthuka kwayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-oki kakhokho
ESpain, i-oki kakhokho itholakala ngokugqamile e- isifunda sasentshonalanga yeMedithera.
E-Andalusia sithola isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke seNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia futhi sitholakala epaki yemvelo yaseLos Alcornocales eCádiz. Ngokufanayo, amahlathi e-oki kakhokho e-Extremadura, eCatalonia nase-Espadán avelele, futhi eCastilla y León izindawo eziminyene kakhulu yilezo zaseSalamanca, e-Ávila naseZamora.
Ezihlakazekile ngokwengeziwe ekusakazeni, sithola ama-oki kakhokho ogwini lwaseGalician nase-Orense, kanye nasezigodini zaseSil naseMiño, lapho kunezelwa khona izinsalela zeBierzo, i-Arribes del Duero, iBurgos neValladolid.
I-oki kakhokho: isihlahla esiyigugu ngokwezomnotho
I-oki kakhokho inikeza izinsiza eziwusizo ezihambisa izizumbulu zemali emhlabeni wonke. Isithandwa kakhulu ngokhokho wayo kodwa akusona ukuphela kwensiza eyinikezayo, izithelo zayo - ama-acorns - kanye nezinkuni zayo ziyasetshenziswa.
Imboni kakhokho yaseYurophu ikhiqiza amathani angu-340.000 kakhokho ngonyaka, inani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-250, okumelela isilinganiso sama-€0,70 ngekhilogremu ngayinye kakhokho. Iqashe abantu abangu-30.000, kanti izivimba-wayini zenza u-15% wokusetshenziswa kukakhokho ngesisindo kanye no-80% webhizinisi.
Isikhumba
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukhokho we-oki kakhokho kuwumphumela weminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ovela njengoba ukuvikela umlilo, uma kubhekwa imililo evame ukuba khona emahlathini aseMedithera phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo.
Ukukhishwa kukakhokho kuwumsebenzi okhethekile kakhulu futhi wenziwa njalo eminyakeni engu-9-14, kuye ngokukhiqizwa nendawo lapho ukhokho uya khona.
Ukukhishwa kukakhokho kokuqala okwenziwa esibonelweni kuphakathi kweminyaka engu-30 noma engu-40 ubudala. Lokhu kubuyiselwa kokuqala kunikeza ukhokho wekhwalithi ephansi ebizwa ngokuthi "bornish" Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu ungqimba lokuqala luye lwasekela ukukhula kwesihlahla nokujiya kwaso okuqhubekayo kusukela esiqwini sokuqala kuya esiqwini esivuthiwe, okubangela imifantu ejulile egxolweni laso lokuqala, okubangele amapuleti kakhokho angajwayelekile, unqenqema. Lona ukhokho osetshenziswa njenge Christmas Nativity scene umhlobiso abalingisa amadwala noma izintaba. Uma i-trim isusiwe, "ama-panas" alandelayo abonisa ukubukeka okuvamile, njengoba ukwanda okuhlobene komjikelezo wesihlahla kuncane kakhulu.
Ukhokho unezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, kodwa ngokungangabazeki oyinhloko iyona ukwenziwa kwamakepisi amabhodlela eziphuzo ezidakayonjengamawayini, imimoya, i-cavas noma i-champagne. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa, lawa mapulaki adlula inqubo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okucophelelayo.
Uma imithwalo elungele ukusetshenziswa isikhethiwe, leyo entula kanye nempahla kakhokho eyeqile ithunyelwa esikhungweni sokugaywa kabusha lapho igaywa futhi yakhiwe. "i-cork agglomerate". I-cork agglomerate isetshenziselwa i i-satellite capsule coating, ngaye Ukufakwa phansi nodonga noma ezokwenziwa izicathulo nezingubo zokugqoka.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo—njengokumelana nomlilo, ukumuncwa komswakama ngokwengxenye, kanye nokufakwa kwe-thermal—i-cork agglomerate inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.
Madera
La izinkuni ye-oki kakhokho isisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ukwenza amalahle, nakuba ingasebenzi njengaleyo etholwe ku-holm oak.
ama-acorns
Isithelo se-oki kakhokho yi umuthi noma owaziwa nangokuthi izwe o indlala. Ziyababa, ngakho azisetshenziselwa ukudliwa ngabantu. Kodwa banalo uhlelo lokusebenza: izilwane ezikhuluphele, ikakhulukazi izingulube zase-Iberia, ezinyama yazo enhle ibangelwa ukudla ama-oki kakhokho, phakathi kokunye ukunakekelwa.
Ngokuvamile, ama-acorns asetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezingulube kuya ezinyoni, njengama-cranes ebusika ngenxa yokudla kwawo okuphezulu kwe-caloric.