Isizalo somfula umlomo womfula obanzi, ojulile olwandle, indawo lapho ukushintshana kwamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti kwenzeka khona ngenxa yamagagasi.
Namuhla sikhuluma ngokujulile mayelana nezici ze-estuary futhi yiziphi ezingu-5 ezifanele ukungaphuthelwa.
Yini ichweba?
Umfula u-a indawo evalwe ngokwengxenye emzimbeni futhi yakhiwe emlonyeni womfula olwandle, Amanzi omfula ageleza ebheke olwandle nasolwandle, ngenxa yamagagasi nawo aphusha amanzi awo ebheke emfuleni. Lokhu kubangela ukushintshana noma ingxube kasawoti namanzi ahlanzekile ukuba kwenzeke.
Ngakho-ke ichweba yilokho indawo yoguquko phakathi komhlaba nolwandle, phakathi kwamanzi amasha nasawoti. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindawo zivikelwe emagagasini, emoyeni noma eziphephweni zasolwandle yizixhobo ezisebenza njengesithiyo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zisungula umngcele womfula.
Izinhlobo zechweba
Singathola kakhulu zihluke komunye nomunye ngokosayizi nokuma. Ngokwalezi zici ezimbili, zibizwa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye: i-lagoon, ichweba, i-inlet, i-bay noma isiteshi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akuyona yonke into ebizwa ngokuthi ichweba noma ichweba eliyichweba. Amachweba amaningi, isibonelo, awawona amachweba. Uma kushintshaniswa amanzi ahlanzekile nosawoti, kusho umfula; Uma kungekho ukushintshana, akunjalo.
Ngaphakathi kwamachweba singathola izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukene njengamanzi angashoni noma ajule kakhulu, amaxhaphozi, amabhishi anesihlabathi, izindawo ezinodaka, ugu olunamadwala, amahlathi omhlume, ama-delta emifula, njll. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene zenza izitshalo nezilwane zendawo zihluke.
Izizalo zemifula zingasingatha a inani elikhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle, phakathi kwezinyoni zasogwini noma zasolwandle, ama-crustaceans, izinkalankala nama-lobster, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izikelemu noma izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngakho-ke ama-ecosystem ahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye ichweba kuya kwelinye.
Ukubaluleka kwamachweba
Amachweba yizindawo lapho Izinhlobo eziningi ziphila futhi ziyadingeka ukuze lezi zinhlobo ziphile. Sikhuluma ngezinyoni, izinhlanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo, phakathi kokunye. Izinyoni ezifudukayo zithola amachweba indawo ekahle yokuphumula ohambweni lwazo olude. Ezinhlanzini nama-crustaceans ayindawo ephephile yokuzalana, empeleni, izizalo zemifula ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi. "izingane zasolwandle" ngoba yilapho kuzalwa khona izilwane eziningi zasolwandle.
Emachwebeni amachweba maningi amaxhaphozi abaluleke kakhulu ngomunye umqondo. Amanzi afika ephelile ngoba aqeda ukungcola, imisoco kanye nenhlabathi. Njengoba la manzi edlula emaxhaphozini ahlukahlukene, ayahlanzwa. Ekugcineni yena amanzi acace kakhudlwana futhi ahlanzekile, azuzisa zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, abantu, izilwane noma izitshalo.
abaningi izitshalo ezingatholakala ezichwebeni ziwusizo ekuvimbeleni ukuguguleka komhlabathi, vikela ezikhukhuleni ezingase zibe khona, uqothule amagagasi neziphepho.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ama-estuaries anjalo indawo yokufunda, ukubuka imvelo kanye nezilwane nezitshalo, izindawo ezisebenza njenge izikhungo zamasiko emiphakathini eseduze lapho bedlala khona imidlalo, behweba futhi benze izinto ezingapheli.
Akumele futhi sikhohlwe, ingxenye yezomnotho yamachweba, amachweba namatheku ukusuka lapho ithuthwa khona noma iqalwa, okubalulekile njengendawo yokuhweba neyokuvakasha.
Ukuvikelwa kwamachweba
Ngenxa yakho konke ukubaluleka ezimele lezi zindawo, kumele zivikelwe esandleni somuntu, zihlonishwe futhi zinakekelwe. Kodwa, namuhla, kunesitha esikhulu samachweba futhi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukuhlasela kwezinhlobo zasolwandle nezihlaselayo eziye zanda kwezinye izizalo zemifula kungenye inkinga ebalulekile engalinganisi i-ecosystem.
Yiziphi izizalukazi ezibaluleke kakhulu
Ezinye zezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu yiSan Francisco Bay, Puget Canal, Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay noma Boston Harbour. Ngawo-1990 singakhuluma ngamadolobha amakhulu namakhulu angama-32 emhlabeni wonke, futhi angamashumi amabili nambili kuwo ayesezindaweni zemifula. Lapha ungabona i- ukubaluleka kwalezo zindawo.
Ezinye ze amachweba abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke Yilezi ezilandelayo:
- La I-Chesapeake Bay ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States
- La I-San Francisco Bay ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States
- El I-Támesis eYurophu
- El Sena eYurophu
- El Si-Kiang eHong Kong
- El Murray e-Australia
- Lowo one I-Paraná River kanye noMfula iLa Plata phakathi kwe-Argentina ne-Uruguay.
Izindawo ezi-5 ezibalulekile eSpain
ESpain kukhona ingqikithi 93 amachweba, okufanele kugqanyiswe ngakho:
1. Umfula Umfula iGuadalquivir E-Andalucia.
2. Umfula Umfula u-Annlons eGalicia.
3. Umfula Umfula iMiño kwabelwana phakathi kwamazwe aseSpain nasePortugal.
4. Umfula Umfula iGuadiaro E-Andalucia.
5. Umfula Izindawo zokuhlala e- Ortigueira eGalicia.