ukuqonda nokufunda Iyini imithala yezinkanyezi?, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi uyini umthala. Imithala iyiqoqo lezinkanyezi, izinto ezibonakalayo ze-cosmic, amafu, uthuli, igesi, izinto ezimnyama nezindikimba zasemkhathini ezilotshwa ku-nucleus ngesenzo samandla adonsela phansi akhona futhi angahlanganisa ububanzi bezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya, futhi isikhathi sazo, ebambe ngisho nezigidigidi zemizimba yezinkanyezi emzileni wayo. 
Iyini imithala yezinkanyezi
Ngalo mqondo, umthala i-lenticular wuhlobo lomthala ophakathi nendawo, okungukuthi, utholakala phakathi komthala. i-galaxy i-elliptical kanye ne-spiral galaxy ngokusho kwe-Hubble Sequence ibhalwe njenge-S0. Uma ufuna ukungena ujule ekuhlukaniseni okuhlukile izinhlobo zemithala, lesi sihloko singase sibe usizo kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, imithala ye-lenticular inomfanekiso wediski, (njengemithala ezungezayo) eye yakhathala noma yalahlekelwa kakhulu noma yonke indaba yayo yendawo (njengemithala eyi-elliptical), ngakho-ke ayinazo izingalo ezizungezayo, nokho Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nenani elithile lendaba yasezulwini, phezu kwalo lonke uthuli. Bakha u-3% kuphela wemithala ekhona indawo yonke.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithala ye-lenticular
Ukuze sazi okwengeziwe singasho ukuthi imithala lenticular zihlukaniswa kanje:
SO
Ikilasi le-S0 lacaciswa okokuqala ngu-Edwin Powell Hubble ngo-1936 njengefomu eliphakathi phakathi kwemithala eyi-elliptical kanye ne-spiral; UGerard de Vaucouleurs wabe esehlanza lolu chungechunge futhi afakwa kulo ngokuthi: S0 (ayikho ibha emaphakathi), i-SAB0 (ibha ephakathi nendawo), kanye ne-SB0 (enebha emaphakathi). Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuphinde kukhulunywe ngokuthi: E/S0 (imithala eyi-elliptical ekhumbula a lenticular).
SW-
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, i-S0- (imithala ye-lenticular efana kakhulu ne-elliptical), i-S00 (imithala ye-lenticular enokusabalalisa okuthile kwangaphakathi), kanye ne-S0+ (uthuli olukhona futhi kwezinye izimo ezihlotshaniswa nemithala) nazo ziyabonakala. imimoya -ukufanekisa okuxubile S0/a-); Izigaba ezimbili - njengokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwebha emaphakathi nokuthi ziyabonakala noma azibonakali - ziyavumelana, njengoba kwenza lezo ezibonisa ukuthi akhona yini izindandatho kuwo noma cha. Kunolunye ulwazi mayelana ne- ukuhlukaniswa komthala okungase kube nentshisekelo.
Uhlelo olusha olusha lokuhlukanisa umbono olupheleliswa izazi zezinkanyezi u-John Kormendy kanye no-Ralf Bender lufana kakhulu nalolo olusetshenziselwa imithala ezungezayo esekelwe kumthamo weqhubu eliphakathi nendawo futhi elihambisana nokulandelana kwemithala ezungezayo; ngakho-ke, sinemithala i-S0a-S0b-S0c (nokulandelana okuphakathi kwe-S0ab kanye ne-S0bc), efana nezigaba i-Sa, Sab, Sb, Sbc, kanye ne-Sc yemithala ezungezayo futhi exhumene nemithala eyi-spheroidal emincane; Lolu hlelo luphinde luhlukanise phakathi kwemithala ye-lenticular enemigoqo noma engenazo.
Uma sesazi ukuthi iyini imithala eyi-lenticular, manje sifika lapho ivela khona. Yingakho sinakho ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zemithala zivame ukuba ngaphezu kwamaqoqo anothile omthala, ekuqotheni imithala. imithala ejikelezayo, futhi ngokusobala abake baba imithala ezungezayo echitha igesi yayo ngokuguguleka negesi evuthayo ye-intergalactic egcwalisa indawo ye-intergalactic kanye/noma ngokusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi namanye ama-nebula; izethulo ezimbili eziphakathi nendawo (okungenzeka kube into efanayo) phakathi kokukodwa nokunye imithala ezungezayo ene-languid spiral, enento encane yasemkhathini nokwakheka kwenkanyezi kunomthala ozungezayo ofanayo, kanye nemithala ezungezayo enesineke, enokuhleleka okuzungezayo kodwa ihambisana kancane noma ingekho nhlobo inkanyezi .
Esinye isiphakamiso esenziwe ngendlela efanayo, ngesisekelo sokuzenzisa kwezibalo, ukuthi imithala yezinkanyezi iwumphumela wokuhlangana phakathi kwemibili. imithala ophephela benqwaba engalingani futhi abacebile ngesitimu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi imithala yezinkanyezi iye yashintsha yaba lolo hlobo lomthala ngokudla izinto ezingaphakathi kwezinkanyezi.
Nokho, ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene osekuyiminyaka eminingi zenzeka kuze kube manje, kwakungenzeka ukwazi imithala lenticular ezamanje kungenzeka ukuthi zavela emithala ezungezayo, umsuka walezi zinto, ikakhulukazi lezi ezinkulu kakhulu, usewubunzima obuvulekile. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngendlela imithala eyakhiwa ngayo, ungavakashela lesi sihloko: yakhiwa kanjani imithala.
Eqinisweni, ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwaphawulwa nokuthi imithala eminingi ye-lenticular kungenzeka ukuthi yayinjengoba injalo namuhla kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, iphawula ngezikhathi ezithile ama-stellar alignment buds, kunokuba i-spiral galaxies eye yawohloza indawo ezungezile. celeste.
Izici zemithala ye-lenticular
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, sesivele sazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkanyezi ze-lenticular, kodwa manje kufanele sazi kahle ukuthi zimelelwa kanjani, okungukuthi, ukuthi zinjani.
Isibindi
Imithala yezinkanyezi ine-nucleus ewugqinsi futhi enkulu, enediski eliyisicaba ngokuphelele elizungezile, elingenayo i-spirals, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo ichithe inani elikhulu kakhulu legesi futhi. Polvo ngakho akukho ukuchazwa okukhulu kwezinkanyezi.
Izinkanyezi
Izinkanyezi ezitholakala kulesi sigaba semithala zidlula ukuntula izinsimbi, okungukuthi, izingqikithi ezikhokhiswa kakhulu ku-Helium, ezibonakala njengezinkanyezi ze-Population II, ngokusho kwesigaba sika-Walter Blaade. Imithala ye-Lenticular ayinayo inqwaba yemithala yesathelayithi noma amaqoqo phakathi kwawo, nokho kusenezinqwaba zothuli futhi amafu indawo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezici zemithala ngokujwayelekile, sincoma lesi sixhumanisi: izici zemithala.
Indawo
Lezi zinhlobo zemithala zivame ukutholakala ikakhulukazi ezindundumeni zegalaksi ezicebile kulawa mabandla, emafwini nase imizimba yezinkanyezi, nokho, ngendlela efanayo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezingazodwa nezingenamuntu, zizungezwe ukungabi nalutho komzimba omnyama.
Imithala ye-Lenticular ku-Universe
Ngokufanayo, nakuba imithala ye-lenticular ingafaki isamba esikhulu ngaphakathi Universal, uma ezinye ezikhethekile ezinezinhlobo ezingavamile ngempela zitholakele, khona-ke ngikhuluma nge-Centaurus A ne-NGC 2787. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngomthala we-Centaurus A, ungathintana. Lesi sihloko.
Centaurus A
Iwumthala we-lenticular odlula endaweni ye-Centaurus, lapho ubuka khona iplanethi Umhlaba, kuwo ungathola izinkanyezi ezinkulu ezibomvu, okubonisa ukuthi zithuthukisiwe nokuthi seziphile izigidi zeminyaka, itholakala enyakatho ye-Milky Way futhi ibonakala kuphela eningizimu yezwe lethu futhi itholakala. cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-14 kuye.
Lo mthala unokubukeka okuyingqayizivele, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi i-disk yawo enothuli ibangelwa ukuthi wahlangana nomunye umthala eminyakeni yokuqala eyizigidi eziyishumi. Elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo liwukuthi, ngaphandle kokuba umthala wesihlanu ogqama kakhulu ku- cielo, i-lenticular galaxy esabonisa ukuqhuma okuguqukile kokuqondanisa kwezinkanyezi, ngenxa ye-supernovae esanda kuvela. Ukuze uthole ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ngalesi simo, vakashela kwenzeka kanjani i-supernova.
I-NGC 2787
Lo mthala utholakala eminyakeni yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingama-24 ukusuka esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga, futhi ukhethekile ngokuba umthala ozungezwe yizindawo zomphunga omnyama kudiski wawo, eduze ne-eksisi, ngenxa yesamba esinganele izinkanyezi yini inkinga ngalokho.
Ekugcineni, sinakho ukuthi ziyimithala ye-lenticular, kodwa ngendlela efanayo kufanele sicabangele ukuthi endabeni I-NGC 2787, ephenduka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kukholakala ukuthi iqukethe imbobo emnyama enkulukazi ngaphakathi kwe-eksisi yayo, nokho akukwazanga ukugunyazwa.
