Abantu abaningi bavame ukukhomba Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithala ekhona?, njengoba ukuzivakashela nokuthola izimo zemithala engalingani kuye kwaba isikhungo esivamile socwaningo ezinkulungwaneni zokuhlola kuso sonke isintu. Kulesi sihloko ngizokukhombisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithala ekhona.
Ngalo mqondo, phatha i umsuka wezinhlobo ze imithala Kungumbuzo okungenzeka abaningi bethu bazibuze wona, noma kunjalo, ososayensi basungula ukuthi uma yonke igesi yaguqulwa yaba izinkanyezi ngaphambi kokuba igesi ibe nesikhathi sokudala idiski, khona-ke iba umthala oyi-elliptical. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bachaza ukuthi uma igesi inesikhathi sokuzinza ibe yidiski ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe yonke into, ishintsha ibe umthala ozungezayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezici jikelele imithala, ungafunda mayelana izici zemithala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye zazo imithala i-elliptical zenziwe ngemithala eminingana ehlangene. Uphenyo lwemithala ekude lubonisa ukuthi imithala ezungezayo yayivame kakhulu esikhathini esidlule kunanamuhla, ngakho mhlawumbe lokho okwakuyimithala ezungezayo manje sekuyi-elliptical.
Noma iyiphi indlela, lesi yisizinda se ukuhlola okusebenzayo. Ubunzima ukuthi iningi lenqwaba emithalani ayibhekiselwanga, ngakho-ke sinenkinga yokuqonda amandla okudalwa komthala. Ungathola futhi okwengeziwe mayelana nokwakheka komthala esihlokweni esichazayo ukuthi kwakhiwe kanjani imithala nezinkanyezi.
Imibuzo yezigaba zegalaksi
Ukubhekana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemithala ekhona kuwucwaningo olunelukuluku ngoba ukwazi isimo sawo kumele siqale siqale emibuzweni ethile mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwayo njengoba ihlobene ukumelwa kwesikhungo somthala (ukubekwa kwezinkanyezi phakathi nendawo yomthala) kanye nediski (ukusabalalisa izingalo) komthala ngokuphikisana. Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinhlobo zemithala endaweni yonke, qhubeka ufunda.
I-Spirals, njengoba isiteketiso sabo sibonisa, banayo amadiski amakhulu kanye nezikhungo ze-galactic zobukhulu obujwayelekile. Ama-Ellipticals empeleni ayizikhungo ze-galactic ezimsulwa ezingenadiski. Okungajwayelekile akunazo izethulo ezilinganayo, isikhungo noma amadiski abonakalayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithala ekhona?
Ngokwe-telescope ye-Hubble, ku- umthamo wezinkanyezi Singathola izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemithala, okuyilezi:
1.Umthala okweqanda
Ifomu elivamile umthala oyi-elliptical, njengoba isiteketiso sawo sibonisa, une- iphrofayili ekhazimulayo ye-a ellipse. Azinayo igesi nothuli futhi zakhiwe izinkanyezi ezindala, eziphuzi, ezinensimbi encane. Ngamanye amazwi, izinkanyezi zohlobo lwenani labantu II. Yonke imithala emikhulu eyi-elliptical kucatshangwa ukuthi inomgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu esikhungweni sayo somthala. Lesi yisihloko esithakazelisayo esingacubungulwa ngokuqhubekayo kumongo we izimbobo ezimnyama zakha kanjani.
Izici zomthala oyi-elliptical
Imithala eyi-elliptical iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokukhanya, ubukhulu, nomthamo, ukusuka emantombazaneni amancane ayindilinga, yemininingwane efana naleyo yeqoqo eliyimbulunga yonke, kodwa ecebile kakhulu ngendaba emnyama. Izici zabo ezijwayelekile yilezi:
Okusheshayo kwe-angular engekho noma okungabalulekile.
Ukushoda noma isamba esincane se-interstellar matter (igesi nothuli), azikho izinkanyezi, azikho izinqwaba ezivulekile (ngaphandle kokungalingani okuqondile njenge-NGC 1275).
Ukubuthana Kwezibani Ezimaphakathi
"Esikweleni" kukhona ukuntuleka kokubuthana kokukhanya phakathi nendawo ngenkathi "i-discoid" inokuhlanganyela okuningi ukukhanya Lapho.
Izibalo ze-Stellar
Ngenkathi abokuqala behlaliswa izinkanyezi endala enezinto eziningi eziyigugu ezilayishiwe, ekugcineni kunenzuzo encane noma ayikho nhlobo yezakhi ezinjalo futhi izinkanyezi zabo zincane (azincane kakhulu).
imithombo yamaza omsakazo
I-Las imithala eyi-elliptical «isikwele» ngezinye izikhathi ibamba imithombo edala ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwamaza omsakazo; eminweni yendandatho lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Owokuqala ngokuvamile unawo Igesi kushisa lokho kungatholwa ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwayo kwe-X-ray, ikakhulukazi kwezinkulu kakhulu; ekugcineni kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukujabulela igesi eshiwo.
Amaqoqo e-globular nemithala yesathelayithi
Imithala emikhulu eyi-elliptical ngokuvamile ine-a uhlelo izindunduma ze-globular, ama-nuclei aphindwe kabili, kanye nesamba esikhulu semithala yesathelayithi. Incazelo engaba khona i-galactic cannibalism, okungukuthi, ukumiliswa komthala omncane ngomkhulu, isibonelo, i-Milky Way yethu yaziwa "njengokugaya" i-galaxy emincane namuhla.
Umsuka womthala oyi-elliptical
Isithombe esivamile semithala eyi-elliptical siveza njengemithala lapho i- indalo yenkanyezi iphelile ngemuva kokuqhuma kokuqala, manje kukhombisa izinkanyezi ezindala kuphela.
Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole amaqoqo e izinkanyezi ezincane, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi kweminye imithala eyiziyizinyane, kanye nezinye izingxenye ezingavezwa ukuhlanganiswa komthala. Ngokubuka okusha, umthala oyi-elliptical uwumphumela wenqubo ende lapho imithala eminingana emincane, yanoma ibuphi usayizi, ishayisana futhi ihlangane ibe omkhulu. Uma unentshisekelo kumthelela lokhu kuhlanganiswa okunawo emithala, ungafunda isihloko esithi izinhlobo zemithala nokwakheka kwayo.
Kunamafomula amathathu lapho a i-galaxy okweqanda kusukela ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwemithala emibili edlule: ukuhlangana osonkanyezi abavame ukumanziswa khona lapho kunegesi ebandayo echichimayo kanye nokuqubuka kwenkanyezi futhi omunye ogunyazwe njengowomile lapho ingekho khona igesi noma umncane kakhulu ngakho-ke inkanyezi encane kakhulu noma ingekho nhlobo. isenzo sokudala.
Uhlobo lokuqala lubangela i-elliptical galaxy «i-discoid» kanti owesibili umthala oyi-elliptical «square». Imodeli enhle kakhulu yohlobo lwesibili emsebenzini ephawulwe ngosizo lweSpitzer Telescope yilokho okwenzeka eqoqweni lemithala CL0958+4702, cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu yokukhanya ukusuka kumthala wethu, lapho imithala emine emikhulu ihlangana ndawonye ukuze izone umthala omkhulu oyi-elliptical ozungezwe i-halo enkulu eyenziwe izigidigidi zezinkanyezi eziphonswe ngaphandle ngesikhathi sokuncibilika.
Indlela yesithathu ihilela umthala ovunguzayo odle yonke igesi yawo ngenxa yokudalwa kwezinkanyezi noma osuwalahlekele ngezinye izindlela waba i-lenticular. Kulesi sikhala, ukungqubuzana kanye nokumila kwemithala emincane, okungathi uma kuyi- spiral galaxy bekungeke kube namphumela lapho kulungiswa umthetho-sisekelo wezinkanyezi owabangelwa ukungqubuzana okushiwo umonakalo obekezelelwa i-disk yalo mthala, ugcina ubhidlize i-disk yomthala i-lenticular, uwenze i-elliptical.
Kukholakala ukuthi konke imithala ama-elliptics amakhulu banembobo emnyama enkulukazi eksisi yabo.
2. Umthala osobhokweni
Lolu hlobo lwemithala lunenucleus noma isibani eyenziwe ngabantu bezinkanyezi II (endala, okusawolintshi-owolintshi, kanye nokuqukethwe kwensimbi ephansi), kanye nediski enenani elikhulu legesi ephakathi kwezinkanyezi nothuli, ebonisa ukudalwa kwezinkanyezi ezincane, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ezisansimbi kakhulu (uhlobo lwezinkanyezi zenani labantu), okwandisa izingalo ezithandelayo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezidalwe njengamaza okuhlangana okushaqisayo, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwamanje kwayo yonke i-galactic disk ngendlela ehlukile. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi imithala yakheka kanjani phakathi le ndatshana ethokozisayo.
Ngokuyisisekelo, imithala ezungezayo ihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: Ama-spiral ajwayelekile kanye nama-spirals avinjelwe (nomusebe wezinkanyezi odabula umnyombo).
3. I-Lenticular Galaxy
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zemithala Ekhona kuwumbuzo ovame kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ngizokwethula enye yayo, i-galaxy lenticular, lawa anomumo we-nucleus enediski, kodwa engenazo izingalo ezithandelayo. Zakhiwe izinkanyezi ezindala, ezinensimbi encane, futhi azinayo igesi ephakathi kwezinkanyezi noma uthuli. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwalezi nezinye izinhlobo, bheka isihloko esithi imithala lenticular.
Ihlukile emithala eyiziyizinyane ngoba inediski, ngokungafani naleyo ebonisa inucleus ecishe ibe isicaba. Futhi ziyahlukahluka emithala ezungezayo ngokuthi i-disk iyafana, okungukuthi, ayinazo izingalo zezinkanyezi ngenxa amaza okubumbana ajwayelekile okunyakaza kwegiya lezinkanyezi eduze komnyombo womthala.
Imithala ye-Lenticular ivame ukusala kumaqoqo anothile wemithala, ekuqoqweni okuvela kuma-spiral galaxies, futhi ngokusobala yayiyimithala ezungezayo eyamosha igesi yayo ngokugudla isibhakabhaka. Igesi i-intergalactic eshisayo egcwalisa isikhala se-intergalactic noma ngokusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi neminye imithala (ukusekela, ngenxa yalokhu kwakamuva, ukuqhuma kwezinkanyezi okungaba nomthelela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yayo yasezulwini kanye nokukhula kwesibani saso esimaphakathi). Thola okwengeziwe mayelana nemithala emincane esihlokweni esihambisanayo esitholakala ku imithala emincane.
4. Imithala engajwayelekile
Umthala ongajwayelekile umthala ongenawo umumo oqondile. Ziyimithala engenaso i-spiral, lenticular noma okweqanda. Eminye imithala engajwayelekile imithala emincane ezungezayo esonzwe amandla adonsela phansi omakhelwane abaningi kakhulu.
Ngakho phawula ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemithala ekhona endaweni yethu emangalisayo nebanzi Umthamo wezinkanyezi.
